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The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Major Cold, or da han in Chinese, is the last solar term in the annual solar calendar. Here are some things about Major Cold.

Cold current

During Major Cold, as the cold current moves southward, the weather is often cold to the extreme. Though the related data in China show that the lowest temperature in a year is usually recorded during the Major Cold period, it may not be as cold as Minor Cold in most areas on the whole since spring is approaching.

Dispelling (驱散) cold

During Major Cold, the freezing weather has a big influence on Chinese people’s lives. Rather than take up outdoor activities, people tend to reduce movements and choose to stay at home to keep fit in various ways. For example, to stay warm, people in Beijing have a habit of eating dispelling cold cake, a kind of rice cake that is thought good to warm and nourish. Besides, in Chinese, “rice cake” has the same pronunciation with the words “higher in a new year”, which symbolizes good luck and continual promotion. For another example, residents in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province like to drink nourishing chicken soup during Major Cold.

The ending and the beginning

Major Cold often coincides with the end of the year, so the folk customs of this period have an added sense of farewell to the old and welcoming the new. With the traditional Spring Festival around the corner, people are busy making preparations for it, like stocking up delicacies, sweeping and decorating. The cheerfulness of the reunion adds warmth to the cold winter days.

【小题1】What is the feature of Major Cold?
A.Lasting much longer than Minor Cold.
B.Being colder than Minor Cold on average.
C.Resulting from cold current moving southward.
D.Dropping to the lowest temperature of the year.
【小题2】How do Chinese people respond to Major Cold?
A.By eating specific food to keep warm.B.By expressing new year’s resolution.
C.By doing exercise to keep healthy.D.By decorating their houses to dispel cold.
【小题3】In which part of a newspaper may the text appear?
A.Diet.B.News.C.Culture.D.Art.
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Each Indian(印第安人)was supposed to keep his birth name until he was old enough to earn one for himself.But his playmates(游戏伙伴)would always give him a name of their own.No matter what his parents called him, his childhood friends would use the name they had chosen.Often it was not pleasing, such as Bow Legs or Bad Boy.But sometimes a name fit so well that the youngster found it difficult to shake it off.If he could not earn a better one from a war later, he could be stuck with a name like Bow Legs for the rest of his life.
The Indian earned his real name when he was old enough for his first fight against the enemy.His life name depended on how he acted during this first battle.When he returned from the war, the whole tribe would gather and observe the ceremony in which he would be given his name by the chief.If he had done well, he would get a good name.Otherwise he might be called Crazy Wolf or Man-Afraid-Of-a-Horse.So an Indian’s name told his record or described the kind of man he was.
A man was given many chances to improve his name, however.If in a later battle he was brave in fighting against the enemy, he was given a better name.Some of our great fighters had as many as twelve names—all good and each better than the last.
An Indian’s names belonged to him for the rest of his life.No one else could use them.Even he himself could not give them away because names were assigned by the tribe, not the family.So no man could pass on his name unless the chief and the tribe asked him to do so.
Sometimes an Indian would be asked to give his name to a son who had performed a noticeable deed.I know of only three of four times when this happened.It is the rarest honor for a person—the honor of assuming(承担) his father’s name.
【小题1】An Indian could be given the second name by__________.
A.his fatherB.the enemy
C.the chief of the tribeD.his childhood friends
【小题2】The greatest honor an Indian could earn was____________.
A.a victory in his first battle against the enemy
B.a name given by the chief
C.a ceremony to get his real name
D.the right to use his father’s name
【小题3】If an Indian had more than ten names, it meant that____________.
A.many people in the tribe liked himB.he was a great fighter
C.he had a lot of friendsD.he had fought in fewer than ten battles
【小题4】Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?
A.The names given by the playmates of an Indian were usually not pleasant
B.The life name of an Indian was earned in battle
C.An Indian could throw away his birth name when he was old enough to earn one for himself.
D.The Indians themselves were not allowed to give their names away.

Time talks. It speaks more plainly than words. Time communicates in many ways.

Consider the different parts of the day, for example. The time of the day when something is done can give a special meaning to the event. It is not customary to telephone someone every early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it is a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.

In social life, time plays a very important part. In the United States, guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But this is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten.

The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings often arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness(准时) is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S., no one would think of keeping a business partner waiting for an hour; it would be too impolite. A person who is five minutes late is expected to make a short apology.

This way of treating time is quite different from that of several other cultures. This helps to explain the unfortunate experience of a certain agriculturist from the United States, assigned to duty in another country. After a long delay, the agriculturist was finally agreed an appointment with the Minister of Agriculture. Arriving a little before the appointed hour, the agriculturist waited. The hour came and passed. At this point he suggested to the secretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the outer office. This gave him the feeling of having done something to solve the problem, but he had not. Twenty minutes passed, then thirty, then forty-five. To an American, that is the beginning of the “insult period”. No matter what is said in apology, there is little that can remove the damage done by an hour’s wait in an outer office. Yet in the country where this story took place, a forty-five-minute waiting period was not unusual.

In the West, particularly in the United States, people tend to think of time as something fixed in nature. As a rule, Americans think of time as a road stretching into the future, along which one progresses. The road has many sections, which are to be kept separate— “one thing at a time”. People who cannot plan events are not highly regarded. Thus, an American may feel angry when he has made an appointment with someone and then finds a lot of other things happening at the same time.

Since time has such different meanings in different cultures, communication is often difficult. We will understand each other a little better if we can keep this fact in mind.

【小题1】According to the passage, an announcement broadcast during class must be very important   because ________.
A.it is a customary time to make.B.it makes everyone surprised.
C.it requires immediate attention.D.it speaks more plainly than words.
【小题2】The author mentions an agriculturist’s experience in order to show ________.
A.the value of promptness for Americans.
B.the cultural differences in treating time.
C.the bad manners of the Minister of Agriculture.
D.the importance of time in different parts of the day.
【小题3】The underlined word “insult” in Paragraph5 probably means ________.
A.boring.B.patient.
C.shameful.D.hopeless.
【小题4】We can learn from the passage that people will understand better if ________.
A.they are concerned with the value of time.
B.they know how to communicate with each other.
C.they escape dealing with many things at one appointed time.
D.they keep in mind that different cultures treat time differently.

Tea culture is varied in different countries by the way tea is made and drunk, and by the places for tea drinking. How to make tea may be different. According to the ways of making tea, tea is classified into white tea, green tea, black tea, etc. And how to prepare tea may be different, too. In Tibet, tea is commonly boiled with salt and butter. People may drink tea at home or in public, for example, at tea houses.

As part of culture, tea has a relationship with history, health, education, communication and so on. It is commonly used at social activities. For example, afternoon tea is a British custom. Families or friends can communicate with each other while having afternoon tea.

Tea has remained a way of daily life in China and drinking tea has a lot of advantages. It makes people less tired, clears heat in the human body and helps people lose weight.

Chinese people are good at using tea to make other things delicious. Tea, originally served as a medicine in ancient times, is now not just a kind of drink, but also excellent seasoning (调味品). Here are two delicious dishes made with tea:

Tea Eggs: You can find them cooked and sold in street markets in almost every city in China. Dragon Well Tea Shrimp (龙井虾仁). It’s one of the most well-known dishes in Hangzhou. Before you drink tea please check the following tips:

◆Drink tea hot.

◆The best time to drink is in between meals. It is bad for your stomach if you drink tea just before meals, during meals or soon after meals.

◆Do not drink too much strong tea.

【小题1】Which of the following is similar to the underlined phrase “classified into”?
A.carry outB.sort outC.turn intoD.burst into
【小题2】Afternoon tea in Britain is a ___________ according to the passage.
A.weekend activityB.hobbyC.way of communicationD.game
【小题3】In ancient China, tea was originally served as ___________ according to the pas-sage.
A.a drinkB.a dishC.seasoningD.a medicine
【小题4】The passage doesn’t mention ___________.
A.ways of making teaB.places to drink tea
C.tools for drinking teaD.advantages of drinking tea

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