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Children are naturally curious beings, but getting them to study something they aren’t interested in can be a difficult task. Teachers often find themselves trying to reward in the _______ of stars or threat of punishment. But what if rewards and threats aren’t the _______?

Natural curiosity is sometimes referred to as “internal motivation”. Studies have found that children who see learning as _______ and important are better at it. And it’s easy to understand why — it’s difficult to study something we aren’t _______.

External motivation, things like rewards and punishment, does have its _______ too. Motives for achieving good grades or fear of being punished have been _______ to benefit older students. However, it seems that at an early age, it doesn’t have as much effect. So for this group, how can we stimulate that _______?

According to some experts, the key is to _______ some degree of freedom. Let the child see their learning as their _______ will. If you want to teach a child to read, let them choose which book they use. Whether it’s a comic book or classic literature — the aim of stimulating their desire for reading is still ________. Likewise, ________ a relationship with them as learners — listen to their negative feelings. Explain why an activity is valuable, even if it isn’t ________ fun.

So it seems that the most ________ way of motivating children, especially the young ones, might ________ stimulating that internal motivation. Maybe it’s time to release them from the reigns of threats and rewards, and give them a bit more ________ of how they learn.

【小题1】
A.formB.nameC.orderD.right
【小题2】
A.examplesB.answersC.experimentsD.thoughts
【小题3】
A.frustratingB.ordinaryC.overwhelmingD.fun
【小题4】
A.ashamed ofB.annoyed withC.grateful forD.passionate about
【小题5】
A.causesB.outputsC.usesD.principles
【小题6】
A.acknowledgedB.restrictedC.challengedD.treated
【小题7】
A.discussionB.creativityC.interestD.demand
【小题8】
A.allowB.passC.senseD.monitor
【小题9】
A.socialB.strongC.frankD.free
【小题10】
A.affectedB.explainedC.analyzedD.met
【小题11】
A.testB.buildC.admitD.refresh
【小题12】
A.visuallyB.slightlyC.exactlyD.originally
【小题13】
A.effectiveB.humbleC.privateD.traditional
【小题14】
A.end upB.come fromC.commit toD.set off
【小题15】
A.levelB.choiceC.judgeD.doubt
2023·吉林·一模
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Do not underestimate the power of revision in the days and hours before an examination. The closer you are to the exam, the more chance you have of storing and keeping key information. But do not _______it. Sleep, exercise and relaxation are all just as important. An effective daily _______can help you through an exam period, so in the days _______your first exam, get into the habit of being up and ready to work by a new timetable. It can be a shock to the system after months of working by your own timetable to be _______alert at that time if you have not prepared for it.

On the day of the exam, have a good breakfast, _______everything you need (pens, pencils, erasers, etc.), and then make your way to the examination hall in good time. Do not arrive too early, though.

Once in your seat, simply pause for a few seconds and _______your thoughts. Close your eyes and take in a few slow, deep breaths to help you relax when you turn over the test paper, spend a short period reading through all the _______and questions, paying particular attention to key verbs such as “discuss”, “compare” and “evaluate”. Map out a quick plan of points you wish to make and how much time you should spend on each question. It is always wise to _______ 10 minutes at the end of the exam to give yourself time to go back over your answers. Once you have selected the questions you wish to deal with, begin by _______the one you think is your strongest. It will give you more ________when you see a well-answered question down on paper. Also remember to write clearly, and do not be afraid to express the unexpected: After all, examiners can get very bored with ________stereotypical (刻板的) answers.

Try not to be ________to look at those around you, or at the clock. If you do need something else to ________on to help you collect your thoughts, choose a fixture in the room, such as the ceiling—or anything else that will not allow you to be distracted.

Finally, once you have finished, never ________around outside afterwards to attend the discussion by other students. Go and have a ________rest---then prepare for your next exam.

【小题1】
A.ignoreB.overdoC.reduceD.overtake
【小题2】
A.therapyB.miracleC.routineD.bargain
【小题3】
A.followingB.preparing forC.approachingD.looking back to
【小题4】
A.consequentlyB.mentallyC.physicallyD.permanently
【小题5】
A.purchaseB.justifyC.withdrawD.pack
【小题6】
A.inheritB.measureC.collectD.assume
【小题7】
A.titlesB.answersC.compositionsD.instructions
【小题8】
A.confessB.allowC.imposeD.memorize
【小题9】
A.collectingB.attemptingC.deliveringD.emphasizing
【小题10】
A.leisureB.feelingsC.confidenceD.coincidence
【小题11】
A.markingB.makingC.perseveringD.inquiring
【小题12】
A.attendedB.assembledC.televisedD.tempted
【小题13】
A.callB.striveC.agreeD.focus
【小题14】
A.hangB.makeC.turnD.spread
【小题15】
A.well-receivedB.well-earnedC.well-actedD.well-informed

Parents often believe that they have a good ________ with their teenagers. But last summer, Joanna and Henry ________ a change in their older son. Suddenly he seemed to be talking far more to his friends than to his parents. "The door to his room is always ________," Joanna noted.

Tina and Mark noticed similar changes ________ their 14-year-old daughter. "She used to sit in my arms on the sofa and talk with me," said Mark. "Now we ________ that she does this only when she wants something. Sometimes she wants to be treated like a little girl and sometimes like a young lady. The problem is figuring out which time is ________."

Before age 11, children ________ to tell their parents what's on their minds. "In fact, parents are first on the list," said Michael Riera, author of Uncommon Sense for Parents with Teenagers. "This ________changes during the teen years." Riera explained, "They talk to their friends first, then maybe their teachers, and their parents last."

Parents who know what's going on in their teenagers' lives are in the best ________ to help them. To ________the wall of silence, parents should ________ chances to understand what their children want to say, and try to find ways to talk and write to them. And they must give their children a mental break, for children also need ________, though young. ________ thing parents should remember is that to be a friend, not a ________, with their children is a ________ way to know them.

【小题1】
A.relationshipB.friendshipC.ownershipD.governance
【小题2】
A.gotB.noticedC.hadD.transformed
【小题3】
A.openB.openingC.closedD.closing
【小题4】
A.onB.uponC.inD.to
【小题5】
A.thinkB.ensureC.assureD.joke
【小题6】
A.whichB.whatC.whenD.why
【小题7】
A.expectB.wantC.loveD.determine
【小题8】
A.graduallyB.completelyC.eventuallyD.hence
【小题9】
A.positionB.conditionC.circumstanceD.situation
【小题10】
A.break upB.break inC.break intoD.break down
【小题11】
A.giveB.createC.findD.utilize
【小题12】
A.spaceB.roomC.freedomD.interspace
【小题13】
A.OtherB.OthersC.AnotherD.Other’s
【小题14】
A.governorB.enemyC.opponentD.charger
【小题15】
A.worseB.smallerC.lesserD.better

Do you often feel tired in the morning even though you’ve been in bed for seven or eight hours the night before. Like many people, you are not sleeping as much as you think you are. ________, your sleep efficiency is not that good.

Sleep experts_______ “sleep efficiency” as the percentage of time lying down that you are actually sleeping. The science of sleep efficiency is still young. There is no________ number for efficiency that’s been proven as linked to poor health. However, according to a report about sleep________, some experts estimate a rough range of 85% or above as a reasonable place to be. Besides avoiding caffeine intake after lunch and________ physical exercise before bed, here are some tips for improving sleep efficiency.

Avoid blue light at night

Short-wavelength blue light________ by the sun and screens of computers and smartphones, stops production of the sleep-stimulating hormone melatonin(褪黑激素)and makes you feel more________. Blue light tells your brain it’s________. Experts suggest turning off your computers and smartphones one hour or at least 30 minutes before bed.

Keep a________ sleep schedule

Go to bed and wake up at the same time, or________ the same time, every day. Avoid excessive sleeping at the weekend. Consistency is key to a good night’s sleep, especially when it comes to waking up. When you have a consistent wake-up time, your brain_______ to this and moves through the sleep cycle in preparation for you to feel rested and alert at your wake-up time. Roughly an hour before you wake, hormone levels increase gradually (along with your body temperature and blood pressure),________ you to become more alert.

Take naps

Most people may feel_______ in the afternoon. If you aren’t getting enough sleep at night, you’re likely going to feel________ to sleep in the afternoon. When this happens, you’re better off taking a short nap than turning to caffeine or strong tea to keep you awake. A short nap will give you the rest you need to________ the rest of the afternoon, and you’ll sleep much better in the evening.

【小题1】
A.By contrastB.In other wordsC.In conclusionD.On the contrary
【小题2】
A.treatB.serveC.workD.define
【小题3】
A.specificB.effectiveC.generalD.precious
【小题4】
A.quantityB.absenceC.qualityD.advance
【小题5】
A.undertakingB.restrictingC.performingD.referring
【小题6】
A.given offB.given awayC.given inD.given over
【小题7】
A.sleepyB.unconsciousC.exhaustedD.alert
【小题8】
A.earlyB.lateC.daytimeD.bright
【小题9】
A.variousB.distinctC.habitualD.changeable
【小题10】
A.relativelyB.exactlyC.graduallyD.respectively
【小题11】
A.adoptsB.adaptsC.devotesD.dedicates
【小题12】
A.commandingB.requiringC.remindingD.causing
【小题13】
A.relaxedB.sleepyC.clearD.weak
【小题14】
A.depressiveB.accurateC.desperateD.attentive
【小题15】
A.see toB.break throughC.take toD.get through

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