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The QR-code menu- which you access by scanning a black-and-white square with your smartphone-has taken off. It may dominate going forward.

For restaurants, QR-code menus offer potential benefits beyond putting germ-averse (厌恶细菌的) diners at greater ease. In the near future, rather than offer the same unchanging selections to every diner, restaurants might employ dynamic menus from which dishes disappear as the kitchen runs out.

For diners, however, QR-code menus are not really an advance. You may just be checking to see what you want your next drink to be, but from there it’s easy to start checking texts and emails. Even if everyone resists the temptation (诱惑) to check an incoming text message, merely having a phone out on the table makes a meal less fun for all involved. In the study “Smartphone Use Undermines Enjoyment of Face-to-Face Social Interactions”, the social-psychology researcher Ryan Dwyer and his colleagues randomly assigned some people to keep their phones out when dining with friends and others to put it away. “We found that groups assigned to use their phones enjoyed the experience less than groups that did not use their phones,” Dwyer said, “primarily due to the fact that participants with phones were more distracted.”

QR-code menus reduce privacy, too. Many of the codes “are actually generated by a different company that collects, uses, and then often shares your personal information,” the ACLU has warned.

“In fact, companies that provide QR codes to restaurants like to brag (吹嘘) all the personal information you are sharing along with that food order: your location, your demographics such as gender and age group, and other information about you and your behavior.”

The next few years may determine to what degree the restaurant of the future embraces the digital era or conserves the traditional focus on sociability and connection by deliberately avoiding it. There’s one thing for sure: their success is not appointed in advance.

【小题1】Which kind of menu may a restaurant offer in the near future?
A.A paper menu.
B.A clean menu.
C.A changeable menu.
D.A personalized menu.
【小题2】How does the QR-code menu affect diners’ dining experience?
A.It forces them to check texts.
B.It takes their attention away.
C.It offers a discount.
D.It recommends better drinks.
【小题3】What can be inferred from paragraph 4?
A.QR-code menus will be forbidden.
B.Restaurants tend to share diners’ location.
C.QR codes aim to collect diners’ personal information.
D.Scanning QR-code menus may put diners at risk.
【小题4】What does the author tend to tell us according to the text?
A.Problems brought by QR-code menus.
B.Restaurants’ difficulties in the digital era.
C.Diners’ concerns about privacy exposure.
D.Technology challenges of QR-code menus.
22-23高三下·贵州·阶段练习
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Like most people living in the suburbs, Janice Monkowski gets around mainly by car. For much of her life, public transit was not even an afterthought. That changed recently when Monkowski, a self-described technophobe (技术恐惧者), discovered Moovit. When she went to San Francisco to meet friends, the smartphone app let her plan the bus and train trips down to the minute. “Moovit tells me where to walk and how long it might take to catch a bus to get to the train station.” Monkowski says.

Much like the navigation app Waze, which follows its users on the road to determine the best driving routes. Moovit collects location data provided by other nearby users to show how to travel along the way with less time and energy between two places. Nir Erez who cofounded Moovit says, “Most commuters don’t know when a bus might arrive-let alone how it might connect with another transit service-or when walking or bicycling might be faster.”

In just five years Moovit has had 100 million users. Moovit is available in 44 languages and 78 countries, and commuters in 1, 500 cities rely on it to get to and from work. In 2016, Moovit became the official transit app for the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, beating out Apple and Google. When public transit doesn’t get a user all the way to where they want to reach, Moovit may connect a user to bike-share programs or services like Uber.

As Moovit has grown to 100 employees, with headquarters near Tel Aviv and offices in big cities, such as San Francisco, Athens and Rio it can provide better, more up-to-date information at a lower cost. Best of all: It’s built one data point at a time by people like Monkowski. When you go to San Francisco and don’t want to drive before the city’s “terrible” parking and traffic, Moovit can give you another choice. It is very simple.

【小题1】What is the advantage of Moovit?
A.It involves simple procedures.
B.It offers the best driving routes.
C.It predicts the most efficient route
D.It stores freely available information.
【小题2】Why does Moovit win the competition with Apple and Google?
A.It is sold at reasonable prices.
B.It provides different language choices.
C.It is more popular with sports officials.
D.It satisfies the needs of different users.
【小题3】What does the author want to show in the last paragraph?
A.The bright future of Moovit.B.The exact locations of Moovit.
C.The development of big cities.D.The opinions on public transit.
【小题4】What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A.Making bus riding a habit
B.Enjoying urban public transit
C.Moovit-the the best transit data app
D.Moovit-more choices, more convenience

Algorithms (算法) affect nearly every part of a person's experience on the Internet. Search engines are most people' s entry to the Internet.If a person wants to find information about something, they usually start with a search bar.As soon as they start typing or choosing links,the algorithm starts gathering data about every choice users make and uses that data to try to find the websites or information that most directly relate to what the user is looking for.

The problem with algorithm is that they can limit the kinds of information people see,says MacMillan,a reading researcher with Project Information Literacy (能力). He argues this can be harmful to people's critical thinking and lead them to believe that only one point of view is correct.

Companies also pay to post advertisements for products that could relate to users' search data. For example,if you search for places to take a vacation,you will likely start to see ads for travel companies, flights or hotels.

Renee Hobbs, director of the Media Education Lab at the University of Rhode Island, however, argues that algorithms are not all bad. She says search engine algorithms can help you find what might be the most useful information faster. But she says it is in the interests of Internet companies to keep users on the Internet for as long as possible so they see more ads.

The current generation of young people grow up using the Internet and they are prone(易于遭受) to distrustful information.That is why schools must train students how to use the Internet more wisely in their Studies.It is the duty of education to keep students informed about the world around them. Yet it is not the duty of education alone. And lawmakers should consider increasing data protection rules. Individuals can also use a wide variety of websites to avoid algorithmic controls.

【小题1】How do algorithms affect users' Internet experience?
A.They lead to slower Internet connection.
B.They block ads for users automatically.
C.They always help users get reliable links.
D.They determine the content users receive.
【小题2】What is Hobbs' attitude to algorithms?
A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.
C.Objective.D.Indifferent.
【小题3】What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A.Young people fall victim to the Internet.
B.Data protection rules are already enough.
C.Education is fully responsible for algorithmic controls.
D.Joint efforts are needed to handle algorithmic controls.
【小题4】Which column of a magazine is the text most likely from?
A.Science.B.Entertainment.
C.Advertisement.D.Fashion.

AI

AI (ISSN 2673-2688) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal devoted entirely to Artificial Intelligence (AI), including broad aspects of cognition and reasoning, perception and planning, machine learning, intelligent robotics, applications of AI, etc, published quarterly online by MDPI.

Open Access- free to download, share, and reuse content. Authors receive recognition for their contribution when the paper is reused.

Rapid Publication: manuscripts (稿子) are peer-reviewed and a first decision provided to authors approximately

17. 4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 4.7 days.

Arts

Arts (ISSN 2076-0752) is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal published quarterly online by MDPI in March, June, September and December.

● Open Access- free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.

● Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer reviewed and a first decision provided to authors approximately 22.6 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 5.9 days.

Biology

Biology (ISSN 2079-7737; CODEN: BBSIBX) is an international peer-reviewed open access journal of biological sciences published monthly online by MDPI.

● Open Access- free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.

● Rapid Publication; manuscripts are peer -reviewed and a first decision provided to authors approximately 17.4 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.8 days.

Impact Factor: 3.796 (2020)

Energies

Energies (ISN 1996-1073; CODEN: ENERGA) is a peer-reviewed open access journal of related scientific research, technology development, engineering, and the studies in policy and management and is published semimonthly online by MDPI.

●Open Access-free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.

●Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer reviewed and a first decision provided to authors approximately 16.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.5 days.

Impact Factor: 2.702 (2020)

【小题1】What are AI, Arts, Biology and Energies?
A.They are quarterly publications.B.They are free online books.
C.They are online journals.D.They are traditional magazines.
【小题2】What is special about AI?
A.Taking the longest time to be accepted.B.Asking for no article processing charges.
C.Having all its articles peer-reviewed.D.Requiring no charges to read online.
【小题3】Which of the following indicate their influence?
A.Energies and Biology.B.Biology and AI.
C.Arts and Energies .D.Arts and AI.

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