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Avoid the supermarket shelves piled with cheese, cupcakes and pies. That is the message of an analysis that found these items are the worst when looking at both nutritional and environmental impacts of thousands of food and drink products sold in the UK and Ireland. So far, most studies have focused on the environmental impact of goods such as beef or beans, rather than tofu and other products that shoppers often buy. Where research has focused on such products, it has usually been for a small number of them.

In a bid to bridge the gap, Micheal Clark at the University of Oxford and his colleagues analyzed more than 57,000 food and drink products sold in the UK and Ireland. The team took the ingredients (成份) data from eight retailers (零售商), including major supermarkets Tesco and Sainsbury’s. However, precise figures on how much of each ingredient is in each product were only available for around a tenth of them. To estimate the rest, Clark and his colleagues trained an algorithm (算法) on the known products and used it to predict the composition of the unknown ones. Finally, the team linked all the ingredients to an existing database of environmental impacts, including emissions (排放), land use and water stress.

The results may come as no surprise: meat, fish and cheese products had highest environmental impact while fruit, vegetables, bread and sugary drink products had the lowest burden. Clark admits that none of this is exciting, given what we already knew from past research. “What is important is that you can start getting these impact estimates for products that people are purchasing, which then has a lot of effects,” he says.

One of those is eco-lables, which can help consumers to make greener choices. However, retailers have struggled in the past with the challenge of the large number of food. Clark is thinking about how to eventually turn the data into an app that could be used either by shoppers or by retailers wanting to reduce their environmental impact. “We’ve made that information available in a way that means people can start making informed decisions,” he says.

【小题1】What is the purpose of Clark’s study?
A.To solve the environmental problems with some products.
B.To point out the mistakes of the previous research.
C.To focus on the important ingredients data from retailers.
D.To estimate the environmental impact of frequently-bought products.
【小题2】What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A.The process of Clark’s study.B.The result of Clark’s study.
C.The significance of Clark’s study.D.The limitation of Clark’s study.
【小题3】What can be inferred about Clark’s study from Paragraph 3?
A.Surprising.B.Worrying.C.Meaningful.D.Doubtful.
【小题4】Which of the following products should people buy according to Clark’s study?
A.Nutritious food like beef and eggs.B.Green food like carrots and bananas.
C.Healthy food like fish and tofu.D.Fresh food like milk and chicken
23-24高三上·江苏无锡·期末
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If you have never heard of pawpaw, you are not alone. Most Americans do not know of the fruit, although it is native to the United States. Once, however, it was one of the most popular fruits in North America. Happily, those who love the pawpaw are trying to return it to its former position in American foods.

The pawpaw is a kind of fruit that grows on trees found all over the eastern United States. It is similar in size to a typical mango. It has a dull green-colored skin, and a soft, almost creamy orange inside. Most people agree that the pawpaw tastes like a combination of bananas, apricots (杏)and mangos. Most people are very surprised by its sweet taste. The fruit has a very short harvest season to three weeks in September and October.

The pawpaw has sold commercially (商品化地).The fruit requires a very special environment—low, wet areas that sometimes flood. In addition, the fruit is good to eat for only two to three days after harvesting. This makes it hard to sell anywhere distant from the pawpaw trees.

Planters are again growing pawpaw trees and harvesting the fruit In several states farmers have organized pawpaw festivals to reintroduce the food to people.

Farmers are trying to grow different kinds of pawpaws that will be easier to ship and sell commercially.   Donna and Jim Davis are pawpaw fanners in Westminster, Maryland. They told National Public that they purchased their pawpaw trees in the 1990s and now sell the fruit at farmer markets and online.

So, who knows? Maybe the pawpaw will up soon at a market near you.

【小题1】What is the pawpaw's most outstanding ?
A.It is very rich in sugar.
B.Its sour taste is like an apricot
C.It grows on trees all over the US.
D.It I like a combination of bananas and mangos.
【小题2】Why difficult for the pawpaw to become a big business?
A.It has to be sold far from the pawpaw tree.
B.It is hard to keep its freshness for long.
C.It is difficult to harvest in the low and wet areas.
D.It needs expensive transportation to the market
【小题3】What do farmers do to deal with the disadvantage of pawpaws?
A.They advertise on National Public Radio.
B.They organize pawpaw festivals.
C.They plant improved pawpaw trees.
D.They sell the fruit at farmer markets.
【小题4】Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.A traditional fruit has changed people's diet
B.Most people have hardly eaten fresh pawpaws.
C.Fruit of pawpaw ploys an important part in America.
D.A forgotten American fruit is becoming popular again.

With the Mid- Autumn Festival coming, the mooncakes are the most talked- -about topic. As a must-have traditional sweet during the celebration, a mooncake carries mixed feelings: Some love it because it is so delicious; others hate it because it contains too much fat. 【小题1】.

●Mix with fresh vegetables

Mooncakes contain high level of sugar and oil, and each 100g can offer 20% of the daily energy supply for an adult. 【小题2】. It’s highly recommended to take a mooncake as main meal, together with fresh vegetables and grains, which would help to digest and control caloric intake (热量的摄入)。

●Drink tea.

Green tea can help quicken sugar metabolism (新陈代谢), which is a perfect match with the mooncakes. The water temperature for green tea should be under 70℃, otherwise the heat will damage the Vitamin C that tea leaves contain. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, green tea is cold-natured(性寒). 【小题3】.

【小题4】

Due to high calories a mooncake contains, it is a good choice for breakfast when people need more energy supplement after a whole night sleep. A mooncake plus milk, vegetables and fruit equal a nice Chinese-style breakfast.

●Eat less and exercise more

【小题5】. During the three-day festival holiday, many cultural events are held around the city, such as exhibitions, music concert and different forms of artistic performances, so it’s good to walk around and enjoy the full moon and spend the night with your loved ones.

A.Have a good breakfast
B.Take mooncakes as breakfast
C.It is better not to take more than 100g of mooncakes per day
D.Therefore those with a weak stomach should not drink too much
E.Here are four solutions for you to enjoy it without gaining weight
F.Although mooncake contains much sugar and fat, some people like to take it as dinner
G.The most efficient way to avoid getting fat during the Mid-Autumn festival is to eat less mooncakes and do more exercise
Food festivals around the world
Stilton Cheese Rolling

May Day is a traditional day for celebrations, but the 2, 000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans. Teams of four, dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. On the way, they must not lack or throw their cheese, or go into their competitors’ lane. Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones). All the competitors are served with beer or port wine, the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese.


Fiery Foods Festival—The Hottest Festival on Earth

Every year more than 10, 000 people head for the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico. They come from as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a common addiction—food that is not just spicy, but hot enough to make your mouth bum, your head spin and your eyes water. Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three days every March. You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepper—officially the hottest pepper in the world—or any one of the thousands of products that are on show. But one thing's for sure—if you don't like the feeling of a burning tongue, this festival isn't for you!


La Tomatina—The World's Biggest Food Fight

On the last Wednesday of every August, the Spanish town of Bunol hosts La Tomatina—the world's largest food fight. A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the week's events. The early morning sees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoes—official fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.

The battle lasts little more than half an hour, in which time around 50, 000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves, runs, or fights back. Then everyone heads down to the river to make friends again—and fora much-needed wash!

In the Stilton cheese rolling competition, competitors on each team must【小题1】.
A.wear various formal clothes
B.roll a wooden cheese in their own lane
C.kick or throw their cheese
D.use a real cheese weighing about four kilos
【小题3】The celebration of La Tomatina lasts_______.
A.three daysB.seven days
C.less than three daysD.more than seven days
【小题4】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.
B.More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
C.Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.
D.An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.

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