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Chemists in mid-1500s Nuremburg had discovered that bird droppings were a rich source of saltpetre, a vital ingredient in the making of gunpowder. As a consequence pigeon droppings used to be almost as valuable as silver. Understandably, by the middle of the following century, there were an estimated 26,000 pigeon houses in Britain.

The practice of keeping the pigeon was introduced to Britain by the Romans. The Normans kept pigeons in specially constructed niches in castles and courtyards. When the pigeon houses in Britain were built, they were a vital source of meat and feathers. The latter were particularly prized as a source of warmth. Droppings gathered from the pigeon houses was a rich fertilizer, too.

The pigeon house was not only a source of food and revenue in medieval times, but also a status symbol. The privilege of building or owning pigeon houses was reserved for the rich. Towards the end of her rule, Queen Elizabeth I decided to open pigeon-breeding to the free market. Then, pigeon houses sprang up all over the countryside.

The number of pigeon houses across the British countryside was not universally welcomed. Each day the birds flew off to feed themselves on other people’s crops. By the middle of the 17th century, the problem of pigeons was so great that people feared that the destructive pigeons would turn England into a desert.

Luckily, an agricultural revolutionary, Charles Townsend, had introduced the turnip to Britain around 1700, keeping farm livestock fat enough to eat through the dark winter months. Later, vast quantities of natural saltpetre were discovered in Chile and California. Keeping pigeons went out of fashion.

Now, the homeless pigeons flew off to find somewhere else to live. One species discovered that Britain’s rapidly growing towns and cities were full of the sort of rock-faces they liked to rest on—humans called them “buildings”. Over time they’d become the wild urban pigeon that we know today.

【小题1】Which of the following people in Britain would be least likely to keep pigeons in the late Middle Ages?
A.Fruit growers.B.The nobles.C.Gunpowder makers.D.The miners.
【小题2】What can be inferred from the passage?
A.Farm livestock used to be too thin for lack of food in the dark months in Britain.
B.Townsend revolutionized agricultural development in Britain around 1700.
C.The Normans set an undesirable example of raising pigeons for the British people.
D.England was once faced with the threat of disappearance because of pigeons.
【小题3】According to the passage, why are there so many pigeons in the cities in Britain today?
A.Because people think it a sign of status and keep them to show off.
B.Because pigeons like to stay on hard surfaces which can be abundantly found in cities.
C.Because pigeons find enough food supplies when tourists and citizens feed them in squares.
D.Because the government encourages pigeon raising as a profitable investment.
【小题4】Which is the best title of the passage?
A.A brief history of pigeon houses in Britain.
B.From function to fashion — the pigeon houses in Britain.
C.Profitable pigeon houses in Britain.
D.Pigeon houses in Britain as valuable as silver.
23-24高二上·上海浦东新·期末
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It was Monday. Mrs. Smith’s dog was hungry, but there was not any meat in the house.

Considering that there was no better way, Mrs. Smith took a piece of paper, and wrote the following words on it, “Give my dog half a pound of meat.” Then she gave the paper to her dog and said gently, “Take this to the butcher (肉贩), and he’s going to give you your lunch today.”

Holding the piece of paper in its mouth, the dog ran to the butcher’s shop. The butcher read the paper carefully, recognized that it was really the lady’s handwriting and pleasantly did as he was asked to.

At midday, the dog came to the shop again. It gave the butcher a piece of paper again. After reading it, he gave it half a pound of meat once more.

The next day, the dog came again exactly at midday. And as usual, it brought a piece of paper in the mouth. This time, the butcher did not take a look at the paper, and gave the dog its meat.

However, the dog came again at four o’clock. And the same thing happened once again. To the butcher’s more surprise, it came for the third time at six o’clock, and brought with it a third piece of paper. The butcher felt a bit puzzled, “This is a small dog. Why does Mrs. Smith give it so much meat to eat today?”

Looking at the piece of paper, he found that there were not any words on it!

【小题1】Why did Mrs. Smith give her dog a piece of paper with some words on it?
A.Because the dog was angry.B.Because the dog was happy.C.Because the dog had no meat to eat.
【小题2】How did the butcher treat the little dog?
A.Rudely.B.Kindly.C.Proudly.
【小题3】How many times did the dog come to the butcher’s shop?
A.Three times.B.Four times.C.Five times.
【小题4】What did the butcher find at last?
A.There were no words on the piece of paper.
B.There were many words on the piece of paper.
C.The piece of paper was really the lady’s handwriting.

Fifty years ago I had a young family of three boys. My husband Johnny and I left them with a friend while we made a rare trip to the cinema in Liverpool.

It was dark and pouring with rain but with the headlights shining on the road, we saw something ahead of us. Johnny pulled to a stop and I jumped out, ran to the grass edge and grabbed a small, wet, and frightened creature. I wrapped it safely in my woollen hat and insisted that my husband turn back and head for home. We thought it was a baby rabbit because it had long ears and was grayish-brown in colour. Once home, we filled a box with torn-up newspaper and a warm towel. We named our new animal Bobsy as we had no idea of its sex.

Sadly though, on the third day with us, it caught its back foot in a door and we quickly realised it was broken. We rushed to the vet(兽医), who said, “It’s only a rabbit, I’ll put it to sleep.” Our response was a very determined, “No way !”We found anther vet and told that she was a baby hare. We were told we should continue to keep her in her box for a week and her foot would heal.

After her recovery, Bobsy learnt to use the kitty litter tray. She would comb her long ears with her front paws. The local paper heard about this and came to our house to take her photo and write a story about her. We had her for seven wonderful years before we moved to New Zealand and we will never forget her.

【小题1】Why did Johnny stop his car suddenly?
A.He came across a friend.
B.The headlights went out.
C.His car broke down on the road.
D.He noticed something in front of him.
【小题2】What happened to the little animal on its third day?
A.It slept on a door.
B.It was stuck in a door.
C.Its foot got seriously injured.
D.It fell off from the top of a door.
【小题3】Which best decribes the family’s attitude towards the rabbit?
A.Considerate.B.Cruel.C.Hopeless.D.Indifferent.
【小题4】What is the passage mainly intended to do?
A.To tell the importance of protecting small animals.
B.To remember unusual experiences with a small rabbit.
C.To persuade people to give generously and receive thankfully.
D.To make the rabbit widely known to local people by paper.

Researchers don’t know exactly how whales direct their way in the ocean dark depths during their migrations (迁徙), and it’s difficult to study them in action. But recently, scientists discovered that whale strandings (搁浅) in Europe’s North Sea seemed to be related to the solar storms.

“We think the solar activity is wrecking their ability to tell directions,” Jesse Granger said. Imagine whales directing their way using GPS, and the sun closes the GPS in the middle of the trip.

Scientists have recorded whale strandings for decades, and in many cases the whales appeared to be otherwise healthy. If the whales were in good health when they accidentally beached, it’s possible that the issue of telling directions was to blame. Building on past research linking strandings with the solar activity, they studied 31 years of gray whale stranding data and compared it to sunspot data.

The team decided on the gray whales for their research due to their long migration. Gray whales experience one of the longest mammalian (哺乳动物的) migrations. Scientists have recorded one gray whale that covered 22,000 kilometers in six months, for example. The researchers found that whales were 2.3 times more likely to beach on days with lots of sunspots, darker areas on the sun associated with solar storms. This suggests that the whales do probably rely on some sort of sense to guide the way, and that when they receive a certain influence, they get lost, said Granger.

Granger added that it is just a beginning and that they have more work to do to explain the connection between the sun and whale strandings. The sun is just one of the several factors that might confuse whales, and the researchers didn’t include other things such as diseases or water up welling in the ocean itself.

But it’s important work, and if it holds, it might help environmentalists predict when they should deploy (部署) more observers in anticipation of live whale strandings.

【小题1】What is the new discovery about?
A.Why whales move to other parts of the ocean.
B.The solar storms appear in Europe’s North Sea.
C.How whales tell directions in the ocean’s dark depths.
D.Whale strandings have something to do with the solar activity.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “wrecking” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Damaging.B.Adjusting.C.Improving.D.Showing.
【小题3】What is special about gray whales according to Paragraph 4?
A.They respond more actively to the solar activity.
B.They are hard to lose their way in the deep oceans.
C.Their health conditions are better than those of other whales.
D.Their migrations are long enough for researchers to collect data.
【小题4】What can be inferred about whales from Paragraphs 4 and 5?
A.They have a poor sense of direction.B.Their living environment is in great danger.
C.They rely on the sunlight to direct them-selves.D.Their strandings are linked to different factors.

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