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Body language is as important as the language itself. And if you think it means the same all around the world, you’ve got that all wrong. Gestures that mean something in one country don’t necessarily mean the same in another. As much as you need to learn a second language fluently, it’s also vital to get to know gestures in different cultures.

No matter how fluently you can speak Russian, we bet you don’t know a fun fact. While counting from one to five using fingers, people all over the world start counting with a ball-up fist. Starting from one, you uncurl(伸直) each of the fingers. Until you come to five, your hand is wide open. Everywhere worldwide, people count like this except in Russia. Instead of a ball-up fist, they start counting with a wide-open hand. So, when Russians start counting from one, they curl their fingers one by one. In the end, when they reach five, they get a ball-up fist.

What is the best way to learn Italian? Let’s be straight right away: without hand gesturing, it is impossible. So, if you are learning Italian, besides the language, you should learn their hand gestures as well. One of the worldwide-known Italian gestures is the pinecone. The pinecone gesture is formed when you bring all the tips of your fingers to one point. Then you move your wrist back and forth. The gesture is usually used when you have questions.

【小题1】How might Russians express ten with hands?
A.With two fists.B.With two fingers.
C.With two open hands.D.With one finger and a fist.
【小题2】What do Italians probably express with the pinecone gesture?
A.Happiness.B.Confusion.C.Appreciation.D.Fear.
【小题3】What is the text mainly about?
A.Tips on learning Italian.
B.Ways of communication.
C.Meanings of hand gestures.
D.Techniques of counting numbers.
22-23高二下·山东济南·期末
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You might think it’s going to be really challenging if you plan to learn a foreign tongue. You’ve probably heard a lot of talks about how easy it is to learn languages as a young child, and that learning as an adult can be tough. You might even know friends or family members who have tried to learn a foreign tongue and failed. That’s because they have friends or colleagues around them who experienced failure. We’re here to cheer you up with some good news and inspire you to get started. The amazing adult brain!

Scientists are always learning about the human brain. Decades ago, experts believed that the brain developed during childhood and then retained that way for life. However, modern studies have shown us that the brain has the ability to continually form new neural(神经的)connections throughout adulthood. A 2010 Swedish study tested two groups of people, one in the range of age 21 through 30 and another between 65 and 80. Remarkably, they found no significant differences in neuroplasticity(神经可塑性). In other words, this suggests that it’s possible for you to learn new things at any age.

Besides being possible to learn languages, research also suggests that it improves the adult brain in general. In a 2012 Chinese study, experts looked at a group of adults who were learning Mandarin over a nine-month period. They found that these adults showed improved integrity(完整性)in their white matter, the part of the brain that allows neural cells to communicate. The better your neural cells communicate, the easier it will be for you to learn new things.

Why may adults have an easier time learning? Children might be blessed with a naturally high degree of neuroplasticity, but that doesn’t mean learning is necessarily easier for them. In fact, adult brains have a number of great qualities that might actually make learning easier, especially if you take advantage of free learning apps like Mondly.

【小题1】Why do some adults fail in the language learning?
A.Because they have no plans for language learning.
B.Because they have poor memories.
C.Because maybe they are affected by some adults who have failed.
D.Because language learning is too difficult for adults to learn.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “retained” mean in Paragraph 2?
A.Kept.B.Changed.C.Improved.D.Strengthened.
【小题3】Which of the following is true?
A.Children can learn a language more easily.
B.Adults can learn a language even at old age.
C.The learning apps like Mondly are good for children.
D.Adults can learn a language more easily after learning Chinese.
【小题4】What will the text refer to next?
A.How to learn a new language for adults.
B.How to tell the kids to learn a language.
C.How to improve neuroplasticity.
D.How to use the app Mondly.
Though there are about 400 languages from all over the world that are in danger of disappearing completely,Zoque­Ayapaneco,a native Mexican language is considered the most likely to become extinct,because the only two people in the world that speak it fluently do not talk to each other!
And,it's not because they live in different countries,states or even villages. In fact,Manuel Segovia and Isidro Velazquez,both in their 70s,live within 500 yards of each other,in the village of Ayapa in the Southern Mexican State of Tabasco. They,however,refuse to communicate because they simply don't have much in common. Segovia is apparently a little flank in nature while Velazquez is described as shy.
Segovia was at least able to talk in Zoque­Ayapanece with his brother until he passed away about 12 years ago,and still manages to practice it with his family,especially his son Manuel,who for the last five years has been trying to learn it and hopes to become fluent enough to teach it to the next generation. Velazquez on the other hand,has not been heard speaking in the language with anybody.
The two men say the language used to be widely spoken in the village,but the younger generation refused to learn it for fear of being laughed at,and it therefore began to die a slow death,as the elders passed away.
Unless the two men get their acts together,the only way to hear the language will be to either listen to Manuel's not-­so-­fluent statement or see them talk in a documentary entitled “Lengua Muerta” (Dead Language) that is being filmed to capture Zoque Ayapaneco and 364 other native Mexican languages that are in a similar state.
We sure hope Segovia and Velazquez soon find something common to talk about. Maybe the fact is that the language is dying and that they should start encouraging and teaching the next generation together.
【小题1】What do we know about Zoque­ Ayapaneco?
A.It was widely used twelve years ago.
B.It is a Southern American language.
C.It will be popular in Mexico in the near future.
D.It will be dying out if no effective measures are taken.
【小题2】The reason why Segovia and Velazquez don't talk to each other is that ________.
A.they both are too shy
B.they have no similarity in their character
C.they are too familiar to talk
D.they live in different villages
【小题3】From the passage,we can conclude that________.
A.altogether 365 languages are becoming extinct in the world.
B.Segovia and Velazquez will communicate with each other soon
C.the government cares a lot about the protection of Zoque­ Ayapaneco
D.we can hear the language from Manuel or documentary “ Lengua Muerta”
【小题4】What's the main idea of the passage?
A.World's endangered languages are being filmed.
B.Villagers are trying to protect their old language.
C.An endangered language is spoken by only two people.
D.There are a lot of languages in Mexico.

The size of the British Isles often leads people to think that the languages spoken in its countries of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are somewhat the same. At first, visitors are often surprised to find that they have difficulty in understanding the accents(口音)and dialects(方言)of certain regions. Even in England there are many different dialects.

Experts believe that for most English people, the places they come from are very important to them. Accents are clues to where people were born and where they grew up. Although some people may change the way they speak during their lifetime, most people carry at least some evidence of their accents and dialects throughout their lives. In addition to the regional accents of England, there can also be class difference among the accents. People are often able to make instant and unconscious judgments about a stranger’s class by listening to his or her accent. Both the words and the pronunciation of an individual reflect his or her social position.

It is agreed that in England, the kind of English spoken by a person plays a leading role that generally is not important in North America.. The importance of accents and their cultural and social relationships are well represented in films and on television in Britain. The film My Fair Lady based on George Bernard Shaw’s 1912 play Pygmalion is often said to be a wonderful example of how social class and the accent were, and still are, linked in Britain.

【小题1】Most people carry some evidence of their accents and dialects in their lives to ____.
A.show they are different from othersB.show the places they are from
C.change the way they speakD.show they don’t like standard English
【小题2】Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A.An Englishman’s accent reflects his social position.
B.In Britain some films show us the importance of accents.
C.The English spoken by a person plays an important role in North America.
D.An Englishman’s accent is a clue to where he was born and where he grew up.
【小题3】How do people in England know a person’s class?
A.By speaking to him.B.By guessing.
C.By showing something to him.D.By judging from his appearance.
【小题4】What’s the film My Fair Lady about?
A.It shows how a boy learned English.
B.It is a love story between two lovers with different accents.
C.It shows how social class and accent are linked in Britain.
D.It shows the relationships between people from different classes.

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