As environmental awareness has risen in the world, attitudes to sightseeing have changed. It is exciting to visit remote forests or spot rare species in those mysterious countries. However, with flights or long road journeys involved, traveling to far-away destinations is carbon-intensive, and conservation can be made more difficult as well as assisted by sightseers. Therefore, people and authorities have been trying to maximize the benefits while minimizing the harms by advocating domestic tours.
Most people, who take most holidays, understand better than ever that there are costs as well as benefits associated with exploring. One of the six pledges made by an environmental campaign launched last month-The Jump, is to “holiday local”, taking short-distance flights once every three years and long-distance flights very rarely. On a higher level, some governments are working on this as well. Colombia, for example, recently introduced laws aimed at promoting sustainable tourism.
Fortunately, the UK’s national parks and countless other landscapes mean that there is no shortage of special places for domestic nature tourists to visit. One recent survey found that Windsor Great Park and Kew Gardens have become Britain’s most popular attractions, while in this special time there have difficulties for indoor spaces which do not apply to outdoor ones. Some companies that formerly ran foreign trips have adapted to the infectious disease by taking people to watch dolphins and other marine life off British coasts instead. This is not to minimize the destruction of nature that is also taking place, But as we lace an increasing environmental emergency, it is essential to appreciate the nature that surrounds us. In a small way, outings to watch dragonflies, seals, or be surrounded by trees could help us to focus on what matters.
【小题1】Why have people changed their attitudes towards travel?A.Visiting remote areas is too exciting. |
B.Long-distance travels are more attractive. |
C.People’s environmental awareness has improved. |
D.Travelers can assist with protection of scenic spots. |
A.Commitments. |
B.Prohibitions. |
C.Symbols. |
D.Surveys. |
A.Indoor activities are becoming more popular. |
B.People in the UK are carrying out the initiative. |
C.The travel agencies prefer overseas business. |
D.The UK lacks abundant historic attractions. |
A.Domestic traveling means no harm to the environment. |
B.There is no point in traveling to remote scenic spots. |
C.The scenery is much better in foreign countries. |
D.It matters much to appreciate the beauty around us. |
“Plogging” is a new fitness trend (趋势). It is a combination of “jogging” and the Swedish phrase “plocka upp”, meaning “pick up”. It encourages people to stop while out on jogs to pick up litter.
Started in Sweden around 2016, plogging is now going global.
Like other fitness trends, there are plenty of plogging pictures and videos online.
Plogging is a great way to encourage people to make a difference in their local environment.
A.They clearly show what this trend looks like. |
B.Plogging is suitable for all ages and fitness levels. |
C.If you’re not a runner, biking or walking works too. |
D.It is appealing because it is simple and meaningful. |
E.More and more runners are turning their jogs into plogs. |
F.So it adds the idea of environmental protection to the sport. |
G.Plogging isn’t the first fitness trend to connect sports with a good cause. |
The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world’s supply of water. With 97% of the world’s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world’s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages .
Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配) are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.
This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(灌溉). In Texas, farmers’ overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.
Saudi Arabia’s attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.
【小题1】From the first two paragraphs we learn that ________.A.much of the world’s water is available for use | B.the costs of water redistribution should be considered |
C.people in high rainfall countries feel lucky | D.water can be easily carried through pipes across the world |
A.The water stores in Texas have been reduced by 75%. |
B.Most industries in the world suffer from water shortages. |
C.The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years. |
D.Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley. |
A.Steps to improving water use management. |
B.Ways to reduce the costs of building dams. |
C.Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages. |
D.Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply. |
A.water supply and increasing population |
B.water use management and agriculture |
C.water redistribution and wildlife protection |
D.water shortages and environmental protection |
One New Year’s Day, ecologist Rob Wolton came up with an unusual resolution—to spend the next 12 months studying a hedge(树篱) 40 metres from his house in the middle of Devon. He wanted to make a list of every plant, animal and fungus(真菌)that used it. After a year of observations he had found 2, 000 species—far more than he imagined. Wolton says he enjoyed it hugely and his findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that hedges should not be overlooked.
“There is increasing recognition that much of the wildlife finds shelter in the hedges. But they’re much more than just wildlife passages—they are really important as habitats in their own right,” he says. The European commission’s Joint Research Centre recently argued that as the climate crisis worsens, hedges are expected to play more roles as they move in response to environmental change. Their deep roots help sequester carbon(固碳), and they also reduce the likelihood of flooding downstream, suck nutrients and pollutants out of water, and prevent soil loss. Alongside these functions, there is a cultural benefit to hedges too—I think lots of us who live in England think of the hedge landscape as being quite typical, says Wolton.
After the Second World War many hedges were removed to create more productive land. Only about one in three hedges in England are in good condition, according to the most recent research done in 2017.
The main issues are hedges being cut too severely and too frequently, which leads to loss of wildlife and gaps. A squirrel, for example, will turnaround if there is a gap of five metres. New hedges are being planted with single species, instead of many, which decrease the wildlife they can support.
It’s hard to say if interest in hedges will translate into action on a national scale,and much depends on what landscape features Environmental Land Management scheme.
【小题1】What is the significance of Wolton’s study of the hedge?A.It makes Wolton’s resolution come true. |
B.It shows Wolton’s fondness of the hedge. |
C.It indicates the important role of the hedge. |
D.It points out the number of animals and plants. |
A.Hedges provide home for wildlife. |
B.Hedges are used to fight climate crisis. |
C.Hedges area typical symbol of England. |
D.Hedges have advantages in different aspects. |
A.To show the diversity of wildlife in hedges. |
B.To explain the bad effect of gaps in hedges. |
C.To call for more species of plants in hedges. |
D.To present what the loss of wildlife is like. |
A.The favorable policy on hedges is undecided. |
B.Public attention in hedges will be intensified. |
C.A national scale protection is soon underway. |
D.Environmental Land Management will fund hedges. |
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