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Peppered moth caterpillars (桦尺蠖毛虫)live north of the equator. But if you’ve never seen one, don’t feel bad: They’re experts at blending in (融为一体). Each caterpillar looks like the branch it stays on, straightening its body into a stick-like shape. It also changes its color to match the branch’s color, whether white, green or brown.

According to a paper published in Communications Biology, the caterpillars sense the color of their surroundings not only with their eyes but also with their skin.

Ilik Saccheri, an author of the paper, normally studies the adult moth. This requires keeping a lot of caterpillars around. Years of observation awakened his curiosity about their color-changing abilities. Each caterpillar hatches tiny and black, and in its early days is blown around by the wind. Once it falls on a plant, it must disguise itself to avoid being spotted by birds.

“I was a bit disbelieving that they could change that only using their eyes,” Dr. Saccheri said.

Amy Eacock, a graduate student in Dr. Saccheri’s lab decided to investigate. First, she tested the caterpillars’ eyes for light-sensitive proteins called opsins (视蛋白). “We did the skin as kind of a negative control,” said Dr. Eacock. “But then we found they were expressed in the skin as highly as they were in the head.”

That’s when she suggested blindfolding the caterpillars. The researchers could cover their eyes, place them on different-colored dowels (木钉) , and see if they still changed to match.

“I thought it was kind of a crazy idea,” Dr. Saccheri said. The blindfolding itself was a difficult task, involving black paint, a tiny paintbrush, a microscope and lots of patience, Dr. Eacock said. Caterpillars molt (蜕皮) several times over their lives, which required that they be blindfolded again frequently.

But Dr. Eacock persisted, eventually testing more than 300 caterpillars. Over and over again, the blindfolded caterpillars successfully changed color to blend in.

Many questions remain, but the behavior alone impressed the researchers. Dr. Eacock said, “I remember turning to Ilik one day and saying, ‘You know what? The caterpillars are cooler than the moths.’” “Yes. They’re pretty amazing,” Dr. Saccheri agreed.

【小题1】What can we learn about peppered moth caterpillars?
A.They feed on fresh tree branches.
B.They can be found easily across the world.
C.They can adapt to different environments.
D.They change their body color to match living conditions.
【小题2】Which of the following inspired Dr. Eacock to cover the caterpillars’ eyes?
A.Caterpillars have a fear of height.
B.There are opsins in caterpillars’ skin.
C.Caterpillars molt several times in their life.
D.There is something strange in caterpillars’ eyes.
【小题3】What did Dr. Saccheri think of Dr. Eacock’s study?
A.It was hard to operate.
B.It was well designed.
C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
【小题4】What is the author’s main purpose in writing this text?
A.To solve a mystery.B.To introduce a new species.
C.To present a scientific study.D.To awaken readers’ curiosity.
22-23高二上·湖北孝感·期中
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Planning before buying something is a good idea. For example, you are going to buy a pet dog, you still have to consider a few things and plan them well before you welcome it in the house. 【小题1】 You will also have to train it well so that it does not misbehave in front of people. You should realize that it is a big responsibility.

【小题2】 Think about whether your pocket can manage the purchase, as well as different items for keeping a dog. If something goes wrong with the health of your pet, you will have to spend some extra money on it.

The next thing you need to consider is your home.【小题3】You will also have to consider the family members. If your living place is already too crowded with people, getting a dog as an additional member of the house will not be a good idea.

【小题4】 Make sure nobody is allergic(过敏的) to the fur of the dog. Also make sure that you can easily find time to train the dog. Ensure that your family is welcoming to this idea.

【小题5】 When you are bringing this best friend in your house, you must make sure everything is right for it. You should make life easier for it, as well as others who are living in your house.

A.Looking after your dog doesn’t only mean taking it for a walk or playing with it.
B.A dog is supposed to be man's best friend.
C.Before you think about getting a dog, think about the affordability(经济承受力).
D.The training should start as soon as the dog is in your care.
E.Once the dog has learned how to sit, you may teach him to shake hands.
F.You will also have to think about any health problems related to your family.
G.A small apartment will not be fit to house a large dog.

In 1868, six-year-old Laura and her family set sail from New Bedford. The little girl was taken to share the adventure and the danger of life at sea by his father, Captain Jernegan, who was unwilling to be separated from his family when he was going to hunt the mightiest animal on earth. Laura was a keen observer and writer, whose diary offers a look into her unusual childhood.

Laura was fascinated by her father’s job. When the ship’s lookout spotted a whale, “I hope we shall get him,” she wrote. She watched as the men rushed to their whaleboats and chased the whale to within harpooning(鱼叉) distance. Once, they harpooned so huge a whale that his head was “as big as four whole rooms and his body as long as one ship,” Laura wrote.

Hunting whales was only one part of a whaleman’s job. As soon as a whale was caught, the crew began the hard and dirty work of processing it. ‘The whale body smelled” dreadfully, “noted Laura. The processing of the whale was finally finished when the cooled oil was spooned into barrels. One huge whale produced enough oil to fill seventy-five barrels, she noted. When the Jernegans returned home, the oil would be sold for the best possible price. Whale oil was important during the nineteenth century when it was used to light lamps and to make candles.

Whaling was both exciting and exhausting. Yet it also had its slow moments. Weeks could go by without so much as a glimpse of a whale. Then Laura filled her days with school lessons and sewing.

When Laura was grew up, she never went whaling again. By then, petrol had already replaced whale oil. This era, called the golden age of whaling, was over. So was the era of entire families going to sea. Yet Laura’s diary has helped to ensure that this chapter in America’s seafaring history won’t be forgotten.

【小题1】Why did Laura set sail with her father?
A.She was a keen observer and writer.
B.She wanted to catch the whales by herself.
C.His father would hunt the mightiest animal.
D.Her father wanted the family to stay together.
【小题2】What is Laura’s attitude towards her father’s job?
A.Bored.B.Worried.C.Interested.D.Scared.
【小题3】Which of the following words best describes Laura’s diary?
A.Significant.B.Negative.C.Incorrect.D.Useless.
【小题4】Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Hunting whales is the only job of a whaleman.
B.Whale oil was important during the nineteenth century.
C.One huge whale can produce little oil.
D.Laura keeps going whaling without going to study.

Wild animals seem to have escaped the Indian Ocean tsunami, adding weight to the idea that they have a "sixth sense" for disasters, experts said on Thursday.

Sri Lanka wildlife officials have said the waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island's coast seemingly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found.

"No elephants are dead, not even a dead hare or rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a 'sixth sense'. They know when things are happening," H.D. Ratnayake, director of Sri Lanka's Wildlife Department, said on Wednesday.

The waves washed floodwaters up to 3 km(2 miles)inland at Yala National Park in the southeast, Sri Lanka's biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants. "There has been a lot of evidence(证据)about dogs barking or birds migrating(迁徙)before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proved." said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behaviour specialist at Johannesburg Zoo. "There have been no specific studies because you can't really test it in a lab or field setting," he said. Other authorities agreed with this conclusion.

“Wildlife seems to be able to pick up certain signs, especially birds. There are many reports of birds detecting coming disasters," said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.

Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators(掠食动物), The idea of an animal "sixth sense" is a lasting one that the evidence on Sri Lanka's damaged coast is likely to add to.

【小题1】What happened after the Indian Ocean tsunami?
A.Many people died but wild animals survived.B.The "six sense" of wild animals developed
C.Wild beasts were killed or went missingD.The coast was found in good condition.
【小题2】What does H.D. Ratnayake do?
A.He is a zoo keeper.B.He is a wildlife official.
C.He is a movie director.D.He is an animal behaviour expert.
【小题3】Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “detecting" in paragraph 5?
A.Taking up.B.Putting up.C.Picking up.D.Bringing up.
【小题4】What is the text mainly about?
A.Why animals can save themselves from natural disasters.
B.The different opinions about animals' natural power.
C.How to protect wildlife when disasters happen.
D.The serious damage of the Indian Ocean tsunami.
【小题5】In which section of a newspaper can we read this text?
A.Travel.B.Custom.C.Culture.D.Discovery.

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