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It’s one of the ultimate tests of willpower: you’ve been wandering around the market for hours and you’re tired and hungry. Then you catch a smell of something fragrant (香的) and delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. Junk food companies are well aware that the smell of their product sets off a desire in your brain and that you’ll pay for that later. It is a response that has been researched, and you’d better believe your favorite fast-food chains have marketing teams that are using that research to their advantage.

Let’s take a closer look at this process. Have you ever noticed that whatever indulgent food (放纵型食品) catches your attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it? A couple of minutes later you are standing in line, and it isn’t quite inviting as it was just moments ago, but now you’ve invested time, so you trust your first feeling to treat yourself.

But a recent statement says that this is actually the right moment to walk away. Dipayan Biswas, a marketing professor, found there is a direct connection between how long a person is exposed to indulgent food smells and choosing healthier foods. “The results of a series of experiments show that extended exposure of more than two minutes to junk food smells leads to fewer purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no smell or a non-junk-food-related smell,” reads the summary of his study.

What appears to be going on here is that the brain doesn’t necessarily distinguish between a pleasurable smell and a pleasant taste. “Extended exposure to an indulgent food smell brings pleasure in the mind, which in turn reduces the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods,” he explains. So next time you feel you don’t have the willpower to resist cookies, smell all that sweetness for just a minute or two. To your brain it’s the same as actually eating cookies, and the purchase desire would decrease.

【小题1】What can we learn about junk food smells from the first paragraph?
A.They can make a difference in marketing.
B.They hardly affect people’s food choices.
C.They are unlikely to fool wise customers.
D.They finally decrease people’s purchase desire.
【小题2】What does the second paragraph basically serve as?
A.An argument.B.An example.C.A comparison.D.A comment.
【小题3】Which statement will Biswas probably agree with?
A.The brain can’t tell where sensory pleasure is from.
B.The senses of taste and smell are closely linked.
C.The influence of food smells changes over time.
D.The behavior of smelling food doesn’t equal eating it.
【小题4】Which of the following could the best title for the text?
A.Train Your Brain to Resist Junk Food
B.Watch Out for Tricky Marketing Tools
C.Food Addiction Is Never About Willpower
D.Smelling Junk Food Longer Can Keep You Off It
23-24高二上·重庆·期末
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The Slow Food Movement started in Rome, Italy in 1986. When a new McDonalds was opening near a beautiful historic place, some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted, “We do not want fast food. We want slow food!”

【小题1】 One day Carl went to a restaurant to eat a traditional meal. But the food didn‘t taste the same as he remembered. He learned that the peppers were shipped from abroad because the prices were low. This deeply concerned Carlo.

Carlo wanted people to care about where their foods came from and how their foods made their culture special. So he started a group to encourage this idea. It soon became the Slow Food Movement. 【小题2】

First, what is good food? Good food is fresh. The vegetables are eaten close to the place where they are grown. The fish hasn’t been sitting for days before it is eaten. Good food is seasonable. 【小题3】 Good food satisfies the senses. It should look good, smell good and taste good. And finally, good food is cultural food. Each country has special foods that make it different.

Second, food should be clean. Today, there are great concerns about the way people grow and produce food. Farmers use chemicals to kill insects and feed plants. But the chemicals can also harm the natural environment around farms.【小题4】Clean food means food that does not harm our bodies or the environment.

And third, the price of food should be fair. 【小题5】 All people should be able to purchase healthy food. The people who grow and make food should be paid fairly for their work. They should work in safe, healthy conditions.

A.Food should not cost too much money.
B.Its goal about food is divided into 3 parts: good, clean and fair.
C.Over time, they can cause health problems in people too.
D.That was how the Slow Food Movement came into being.
E.It should be grown at the best time of the year for that food.
F.Today the Slow Food Movement has already expanded out of Italy.
G.This event wasn’t the only thing that started the Slow Food Movement.

The number of American young students using vaping(电子烟)fell sharply this year, according to a 2020 survey.

The 2020 survey was carried out by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA). About 20,000 American students took part in the survey from mid-January to mid-March. They were asked about the use of any vaping or tobacco products during the past month. Under 20 % of high school students said they were recent users of e-cigarettes and other vaping products. Just 5 % of middle school students said they had recently used them.

That marked a big decrease from a similar survey in 2019. The earlier survey found nearly 28% of high school students and 11% of middle school students had recently vaped.

Health experts believe that the drop comes after last year's sudden increase in vaping-related illnesses and death. An investigation showed that last year, more than 2,600 cases of lung injuries, including 60 deaths, were connected with vaping. Most of those who got sick said they had vaped mixtures containing THC.

Earlier this year,the FDA banned some flavors(味道)from vaping devices mainly used by teens. And the federal law now bans(禁止)sales of all tobacco products and e-cigarettes to anyone under the age of 21.

Matt Myers of the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids said the survey showed a "meaningful drop'” in teen vaping. But he felt disappointed that the Trump government didn't follow through a promise to ban all flavored e-cigarettes."As long as any flavored e-cigarettes are left on the market, kids will get their hands on them and we will not solve the crisis,"Myers said.

【小题1】Which of the following statement is true?
A.Vaping rates among young students in the U.S went up last year.
B.The vaping increase was not linked to popular e-cigarettes.
C.Most patients surveyed blamed their disease on mixtures containing THC.
D.The Trump government said no to all flavored e-cigarettes.
【小题2】What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4?
A.what causes the drop in vaping among teens
B.what effects vaping has on teens
C.why vaping enjoys popularity among teens
D.how vaping becomes popular among teens
【小题3】What's Matt Myer's attitude towards the Trump government's efforts to ban cigarettes?
A.Positive
B.Negative
C.Objective
D.Doubtful
【小题4】In which section can the passage be found?
A.Entertainment
B.Politics
C.Education
D.Health

Are you trying to manage your weight or a health condition, but find yourself wolfing down a large box of ice cream or a big bag of chips? 【小题1】Here’s how to really focus on your food so that you eat the right things in the right amounts.

Studies have found that we can put away as much as 25 percent more calories if we focus on a phone, tablet or television at the same time. 【小题2】That is because, with such devices occupying your attention, you’re not aware of how much you have already had. So, put down the devices and eat at a table—preferably with a partner, friend or the whole family. 【小题3】As a result, you’ll eat less and enjoy it more.

To be really aware of the food you’re eating, pause halfway through your meal and ask yourself if you’re still hungry or whether you might be close to being full. Are you enjoying the taste and the texture (口感) of what you’re eating, rather than just packing it away? It takes around 20 minutes for your brain to realize that your stomach is full.【小题4】.

【小题5】It’s very easy to use food — cooking or consuming it — to avoid stress and a busy life. If you do find yourself overeating, stop and ask yourself if you are bored, tense or depressed. Once you identify the reason behind your mindless eating, you’re in a better position to put an end to it.

A.It may not be food.
B.Your attention may be attracted by an interesting game.
C.It’s because you feel hungry when you’re fully occupied.
D.Do you eat more than you really need before you realize it?
E.Worse still, there’s evidence that you eat more later in the day.
F.And if you’re dining alone, simply be more mindful of your food.
G.So if you take your time and pause from time to time you tend to eat less.

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