On a journey to the little-known Northeast region of India, we discover “a rare creature”: the “Forest Man of India”. Nearly every day for almost 40 years now, Jadav Payeng, a local farmer, has risen before dawn to cross the river on his boat, and begins the daily two-mile journey to his vegetable farm and his life’s mission: reviving the ecosystem here.
When Payeng was a boy, the river island of Majuli was attached to the mainland. Over the past several decades, erosion (侵蚀) from the powerful river waters of the Brahmaputra has gradually cut it off from the mainland. “Earlier, this was all sand. No trees, no grass—nothing was here.” Today fields of tall grasses stretch into the distance. Along with bright green plains dotted with cows, cotton trees stand straight in rows as far as the eye can see.
Payeng set about planting here in 1979, after unexpectedly seeing some dead snakes piled on the sand in the Indian sun. “When I saw it, I thought even we humans will have to die this way in the heat. It struck me,” he said. Payeng sought no permission to plant the forest. He just grew it, carrying on his tribe’s tradition of honoring nature.
The dense forest now covers an area of more than 1,300 acres. He is delighted that wild elephants cross the shallow river waters to walk around in his forest. Besides elephants, the home is filled with deer, monkeys, tigers and a wide variety of birds. “It’s not as if I did it alone,” says the self-styled naturalist. “You plant one or two trees, and they have to seed. And once they seed, the wind knows how to plant them, the birds here know how to sow them, cows know, elephants know, even the Brahmaputra River knows. The entire ecosystem knows.”
Payeng has single-handedly changed the landscape. When asked how he has sustained his passion, Payeng strikes a respectful tone. “Nature gives me inspiration. It gives me power. As long as it survives, I survive.”
【小题1】What does Para. 2 mainly talk about?A.How Majuli island got its name. |
B.How Majuli has changed over time. |
C.What Payeng has done in the 40 years. |
D.Why there was all sand on Majuli earlier. |
A.The sight of dead snakes. |
B.The permission of the tribe. |
C.The tradition of respecting nature. |
D.The mission of reviving the ecosystem. |
A.The ecosystem is recovering. |
B.Payeng takes elephants to his forest. |
C.The forest is home to all wild animals. |
D.Payeng plants the trees with others’ help. |
A.An Impressive Forest |
B.A Balanced Ecosystem |
C.A Lifetime of Planting Trees |
D.An Effort of Saving Rare Creatures |
Small numbers of people per household on average use more energy and goods per person. Greater numbers of households require more natural resources for construction. The possible result of this problem may be insufficient natural resources to meet consumer demand without endangering habitats important to biodiversity.
Personal freedom and social choice may come at huge environmental cost. Direct costs include visible damage to animal habitats and plant life. Indirect costs include the release of more greenhouse gases.
The effects of such “personal freedom and social choice” have already surfaced in south-west China’s Wolong Nature Reserve. In Wolong, they found that a reduced average household size was directly tied to an increase in homes, and thus an increase in the amount of firewood consumed for cooking and heating. The rise in wood fuel use has contributed to disappearance of forests and to the loss of habitats for giant pandas.
Curious about whether other parts of the world were experiencing similar phenomena, they got the support of a team of researchers including Stanford’s Paul Ehrlich, well-known for his population studies, to find out the household dynamics in 141 countries between 1985 and 2000. Their study proved that the difficult choice of Wolong is part of a global trend.
In the 76 countries considered biodiversity “hotspots”, such as the United States, Brazil, Australia, and Kenya, the number of households grew by 3.1% every year, while the population increased just 1.8%. Meanwhile, the number of people per home dropped from 4.7 to 4.0. The decline in household size has resulted in 155 million additional households in hotspot countries, almost always limiting biodiversity.
In the 10 non-hotspot countries — those without high-density areas of animal and plant species — similar results were found, though on a lesser scale. Even in countries experiencing population decline, such as New Zealand, the number of households still increased because of a reduction in household size.
【小题1】What does the underlined word “insufficient” mean?A.Plenty of. | B.Not enough. | C.Abundant. | D.Little. |
A.is facing the same threat as many other parts of the world |
B.sets a good example in protecting animals |
C.is a place where giant pandas and their habitats are not affected |
D.is a place where animals and their habitats are seriously damaged |
A.Biodiversity is better kept in countries with smaller populations. |
B.Biodiversity is better kept in hotspot countries. |
C.The threat to nature from reduction in household size is a worldwide problem. |
D.Both hotspot countries and non-hotspot countries face the threat of the same scale. |
A.Reduced household size leads to an increase in household number. |
B.Modern homes consume more natural resources. |
C.How to meet consumer demand without endangering animals and their habitats. |
D.Reduction in household size as well as increase in household number threatens nature. |
An aquarium(水族馆) that has closed because of the COVID-19 outbreak is asking people to make video calls to the aquarium’s eels(鳗鱼).
The reason? Aquarium workers fear the sensitive creatures may not remember humans’ existence, nor remember that humans do not present a threat. The aquarium has been closed since the start of March. Its sea animals have become used to a largely human free environment during the two-month period of calm. But the aquarium said the situation was having some unexpected effects.
“Creatures in the aquarium don’t see humans except keepers and they have started forgetting about humans,” the aquarium said on its Titter this week, “Garden eels in particular disappear into the sand and hide every time the keepers pass by.” That is causing difficulties for keepers trying to check on the health of the animals. So the aquarium decided to offer an invitation to the public. “Could you show your face to our garden eels from your home?” It is describing the new effort as a “face-showing festival”.
Garden eels are very sensitive by nature. But the 300 garden eels that live in a tank at the aquarium had become used to humans. They rarely hid in the sand from visitors. To try to reintroduce the eels to humans, the aquarium is putting five computers in front of their tank. The public can connect through the Face Time app.
Once the video calls start, people are supposed to show their faces, wave their hands and talk to the eels. But considering the quiet nature of the animals, callers are asked not to shout.
The “face-showing festival” is set to take place Sunday through Tuesday, during Golden Week holiday. It has gotten plenty of support. One Twitter user wrote, “Interesting! When you gaze at the garden eels, they gaze at you. I’m happy to take part.”
【小题1】What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 indicate?A.Garden eels seldom disappear into the sand. |
B.Garden eels are checked regularly by the keepers. |
C.Humans sometimes present a threat to the aquarium’s animals. |
D.Humans almost escape from the memory of the aquarium’s animals. |
A.feel excited at the sight of people | B.tend to hide themselves from people |
C.have health problems to be solved | D.mostly remain as sensitive as before |
A.What to do while making video calls. | B.What to do with the eels’ memory. |
C.How to connect with the eels online. | D.How to show faces during the calls. |
A.It is going to last a whole week. | B.Many people approve of the activity. |
C.I’ll make no difference to the creatures. | D.People can make a call through Twitter. |
Extreme heat can kill people, even though most of the deaths are preventable. It is reported that in the 24 years between 1979 and 2003 more people died in the United States of extreme heat than from hurricanes, lightning, tornadoes, floods and earthquakes.
A.How can we survive it? |
B.Extreme heat can also bring wildfires. |
C.It is clear that the world is getting warmer. |
D.Very often you can see such a terrible circle! |
E.It is also reasonable to realize the man’s effect on the world’s weather. |
F.How can people predict extreme heat according to the climate change? |
G.Great damage can be caused in a short time if quick action is not taken. |
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