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In the early 19th century, Egypt connected two vast regions: the Ottoman Empire (奥斯曼帝国) and the African continent. For centuries, the Ottoman Empire had been at the center of Eurasian trade. It had also been a major center of manufacturing which produced handmade goods for Europe and Africa.

However, the industrialization of Europe meant that cheaper goods made by machines soon flooded into the Ottoman Empire. The result of this competition was that Africa was increasingly seen as a place that provided new materials for European factories, rather than one that had factories of its own.

Egypt was an African country that was technically part of the Ottoman Empire. It was first invaded by the French army. With British help, the Ottoman forces drove the French out of Egypt. Following this, Muhammad Ali successfully brought about Egyptian independence from the Ottoman Empire. By 1831, he was effectively an independent ruler of a more modern Egypt.

Egypt was already a small-scale producer of cotton, which was sold to Britain. Ali encouraged even more cotton production nationwide. With the money from this cotton production, Ali’s government began to aid factories so that the country could profit from its own industrialization. By the late 1840s, it looked like Egypt would eventually become an industrial power.

During the following years, Egypt’s economy stagnated and slowly slid into decline. The factories ceased production, and by the 1880s, it had to seek help from Britain financially. Though Egypt remained formally independent, it seemed to be more like a British colony.

Europeans kept interfering in Egypt partly because of the Suez Canal. Egypt’s new leaders were already stressful because of the industrial collapse that left their country unable to repay the money borrowed from Britain. Finally, in 1875, the king sold his share in the Suez Canal Company to the British, giving them control of this important national resource. The powerful British took advantage of this instability and seized the country.

【小题1】For Africa, what was the result of the industrialization of Europe?
A.The new factories began to spring up in Africa.
B.The prices of the goods became higher in Africa.
C.Africa was reduced to material suppliers gradually.
D.Handmade goods became popular in Europe and Africa.
【小题2】Which of the following can replace the underlined word “stagnated” in Para 5?
A.recoveredB.bouncedC.ruinedD.stopped
【小题3】Which is the right order as for the events in history?
① French invaded Egypt.               ② The Ottoman Empire ruled Egypt.
③ Britain seized Egypt.                  ④ Egypt gained independence.
A.①③②④B.①②④③C.②①③④D.②①④③
【小题4】According to the passage, which of the following can best describe the 19th-century Egypt?
A.The Suez Canal was the main contributing cause of all disputes.
B.Egypt enjoyed booming development and underwent social unrest.
C.Egyptians were so brave as not to obey the rulers of other countries.
D.Egypt lived up to the status—one of the Great Ancient Civilizations.
23-24高三上·江苏南通·期末
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Since 2008, the leaders of Brazil, Russia, India and China, the BRIC countries have met every year to discuss topics of global importance. At their third summit (峰会) in China in 2011, the leaders invited South Africa to join, thus becoming the BRICS. The four foreign ministers met on the fringes of the United Nations General Assembly in the fall of 2016. Their leaders, first meeting was held in Sapporo on the eve of the G8 Toyako-Hokkaido Summit in 2008, and their first standalone (单独的) summit was the following year in Yekaterinburg, Russia. Since then, the BRJCS ministers responsible for foreign affairs, finance and the economy, trade, agriculture and health have met. At the official's level, there have been meetings held to discuss science and technology, national security, competition and statistics.

While the concept "BRICS" was first created by Jim O'Neill of Goldman Sachs to refer to the investment opportunities of the rising economics, the leaders' meetings transcend the financial topics to involve many different summit-level topics relating to global governance, such as development, peace and security, energy and climate change and social topics.

The mission of the BRICS Information Center is to serve as a leading independent source of information and analysis on the BRICS interaction and institutions. Documentation from the BRICS and research and reports will be published on this website as they become usable.

Special attention will be paid to the interaction and each other's influence of the BRICS with the world,   and including the BRICS relationship with the Group of Eight (G8), Group of Twenty(G20).and other different summit institutions and broadly many-sided organizations.

【小题1】What can we learn about BRICS from the passage?
A.South Africa refused to join it in 2008.
B.Its ministers have met every year since 2008.
C.It was first called the Group of Eight in 2008.
D.Its leaders held the first standalone summit in 2009.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “transcend" probably mean?
A.Go beyond.B.Take up.C.Turn to.D.Pay attention to.
【小题3】What do we know about The BRICS information Center?
A.It has a lot of researchers.B.It is an independent organization.
C.It doesn't have its own website.D.It can deal with all kinds of information.
【小题4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.BRICS has specially stressed the interaction.
B.BRICS will make much difference to the world.
C.BRICS will build closer relationship with G20.
D.BRICS has built good relationship with other organizations.

Take a walk down the street of any city and you are sure to pass signs for KFC, McDonald's, and Pizza Hut. In 2010, there are fast food restaurants in over 650 cities throughout China. Last year, the fast food industry in China grew 13%, compared to just 2.9%in the USA. This year, there were over 560 Pizza Huts, 1,200 McDonald's, and 3,000 KFCs throughout the country.

Why is fast food so popular in China? The people behind KFC, McDonald's, and other companies realized the need for adaptation. You can find items in Chinese KFCs that you cannot find in the West. That is because they not only realize that Chinese palates (味觉) are different, but also willingly spend the time and money to create new food specifically for those palates. This localization of an international brand makes fast food eaters in China feel as if they are part of a larger community, yet can enjoy their regional tastes.

Curiosity also played heavily into the popularization of fast food restaurants in China. There's no better way to get people to enter your restaurant than to have something different that everyone is curious to try. There is also a general idea that things from the West are better, or if something is good enough for western people, it is good enough for Chinese people. This could also have encouraged Chinese people, especially the young, to frequently go to fast food restaurants.

People are willing to spend a bit more on these fast food because of the general concern for food safety that seems to be becoming more and more important to most Chinese people. While there are still countless food shops on the roadside that have no government control over safety standards, there are many people who demand higher health standards. These foreign fast food restaurants that follow western standards of food safety attract this crowd. Until they stop providing what the Chinese people obviously want, they will continue to remain popular.

【小题1】What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.The introduction to fast food.B.The popularity of fast food in China.
C.The development of fast food industry.D.The reasons for the popularity of fast food.
【小题2】How do foreign fast food restaurants make their food popular in China?
A.By changing their own brands.B.By reducing the cost of fast food.
C.By making new food fit for Chinese palates.D.By opening restaurants in large communities.
【小题3】Why are Chinese willing to enter western fast food restaurants?
A.Eating fast food is a fashion.B.Western fast food is cheaper.
C.Western food is more delicious.D.They think western fast food is safer.
【小题4】Where is the text most probably from?
A.A news report.B.A travel book.C.A sports magazine.D.A storybook.

A Seasonal Guide to Copenhagen

With each season offering a new range of experiences, there's never a bad time to visit Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark.

Winter

Winter in Copenhagen is a great time to search for the abstract Danish feeling of "hygge", which roughly translates to an atmosphere of warm and comfortable companionship. The Copenhagen winter can be freezing in a very literal(字面)sense, but that just means it's time to search out some fun in the great indoors.

Spring

It's easy to spot when spring has arrived in Copenhagen—just look out for all the Danish people out in the streets!The Scandinavian winter is generally pretty rough, so when that warmth is felt in the air the locals can't help but celebrate. The funfairs(游乐场)and parks of Tivoli Gardens reopen. May sees temperatures rise enough for carnivals and street parties in true Danish style.

Summer

A busy schedule of festivals, events and markets typify the season, and the parks and watersides of Denmark's capital will be packed with people almost every day. At the height of summer, Denmark's Midnight Sun means your explorations of Copenhagen can go well into the evening, with many attractions and bars staying open until the sun begins to set.

Fall

There's one very good reason to visit Copenhagen in the autumn, and that's because winter is coming. The autumn months are the last chance to enjoy everything the city has to offer. Tivoli Gardens throws a three-week Halloween extravaganza and October's Night of Culture showcases the best of Danish art, music and literature. The autumn weather also means splendid sunsets that bathe the city in a soft orange glow—a painting by nature that you won't soon forget!

【小题1】Which of the following best explains the feeling of "hygge"?
A.People read good books and enjoy staying alone.
B.Children laugh and play together with snow.
C.Many friends walk on the snow-covered path
D.The families chat happily around the fire
【小题2】What can we infer about Copenhagen's summer?
A.Nights are very short.B.It has nice weather.
C.Shops are open all night.D.The visitors are friendly.
【小题3】Which season of Copenhagen is the best for literary and art youth?
A.WinterB.Spring.
C.SummerD.Autumn

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