Theword “syringe (注射器)” comes from the Greek word syrinx, meaning “tube”.The fir-组卷网

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The word “syringe (注射器)” comes from the Greek word syrinx, meaning “tube”.

The first syringe was used in Roman times during the 1st century. It was mentioned in a journal called De Medicina as being used to treat diseases. Then, in the 9th century, an Egyptian surgeon created a syringe using a glass tube.

In 1650 Blaise Pascal invented a syringe as an application of fluid mechanics that is now called Pascal’s law. He used it for testing his theory about pressure.

An Irish physician named Francis Rynd made the first recorded subcutaneous injection (皮下注射) in I844. Then shortly thereafter in 1853 Charles Pravaz and Alexander Wood developed a medical syringe with a needle fine enough to give an injection under the skin and treat nerve conditions.

In 1899 Letitia Mumford Geer of New York was issued with a patent for a syringe design that permitted the user to operate it one-handed. However, things got more interesting and advanced in 1946 when Chance Brothers in England produced the first all-glass syringe with an interchangeable barrel and plunger (筒和活塞). This was • revolutionary because it allowed the mass-sterilization (大规模消毒) of the different components without needing to match up the individual parts.

Shortly thereafter Australian inventor Charles Rothauser created the world’s first plastic disposable (一次性的) syringe at his Adelaide factory in1949. However, because the plastic used by Rothauser softened with heat, the syringes had to be chemically dealt with before packaging, which made them expensive. Two years later he improved syringes that can be dealt with by heat. Millions were made for Australian and export markets.

Then in 1956 a New Zealand inventor Colin Murdoch was issued with patents for a disposable plastic syringe. It was closely followed by the Plastipak-a plastic disposable syringe introduced by Becton Dickinson in1961. In 1974 African American inventor Phil Brooks received a US patent for a “Disposable Syringe”.

These days syringes are used, not only in the medical and health industry, but in various other areas too.

【小题1】What happened before 1853?

A．Pascal’s law was tested in practice.

B．An Egyptian surgeon created the first syringe.

C．De Medicina introduced a syringe using a glass tube.

D．Charles Pravaz used a syringe to treat nerve conditions.

【小题2】What can be learned about the patents for the syringe?

A．An all-glass syringe was patented in 1844.

B．A one-handed syringe was patented in 1899.

C．A US patent for a “Disposable Syringe” was issued in 1961.

D．A disposable plastic syringe was first patented in 1974.

【小题3】Who made the syringe mass-produced in Australia?