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To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of “deep work” — the ability to focus without distraction.

There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work — be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task, developing a daily ritual, or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, it is critical to determine your duration of focus time and stick to it.

Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day — in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.

While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the implementation of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often leave the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation (即兴创作) in such a list can reap the best results.

In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy.” Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter-intuitive connection between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient. “What people don’t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,” says Pillay.

【小题1】What contributes most to mastering deep work?
A.Keeping to focus length.B.Seizing the working chance.
C.Carrying out specific plans.D.Ensuring the task procedures.
【小题2】What can we learn from Harford’s research?
A.Distractions may contribute to efficiency.
B.Daily schedules are beneficial to studying.
C.Performances are barely driven by monthly goals.
D.Detailed plans might not be as fruitful as expected.
【小题3】Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.
A.is motivated by well-planned tasksB.can bring about greater productivity
C.is targeted at better working balanceD.will greatly affect the way brains work
【小题4】What’s the main idea of the text?
A.The approach to easing distractions.B.The priority to embracing downtime.
C.Solutions to relieving the life tension.D.Keys to getting more done in less time.
22-23高三上·广东·阶段练习
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You may need to give first aid. First aid is defined (定义) as the emergency care given to a sick or injured person. The goals of first aid are to prevent death and to prevent injuries from becoming worse.

Each emergency condition is different. However, the following rules apply to any kind of emergency.

☆ Be aware of your limitations. Do not try to do more than you are able to. Nor should you do things if you are unfamiliar with them. Do what you can under the conditions at the time.

☆ Stay calm. Acting calmly will help the victim feel safe.

☆ Take a quick look to see if the victim is bleeding, and if there is a pulse.

☆ Keep the victim lying down and do not move him or her. You could make an injury worse if you move the victim.

☆ Take necessary emergency steps.

☆ Call for help or ask someone to make the EMS system (急救系统)start.

☆ Do not remove clothing unless you have to. If clothing must be removed, tear the clothes along the seams(线缝).

☆ Keep the victim warm. Cover the victim with a blanket. Coats and sweaters can be used if a blanket cannot be found.

☆ Reassure the victim. Explain what is happening and that help has been called.

☆ Do not give the victim any food or fruits.

☆ Keep the bystanders away from the victim. Bystanders(旁观者) want to have a look, offer advice, and say something about the victim’s condition. The victim may believe that the condition is worse than it really is.

【小题1】When a person is badly injured on the road, you should .
A.act worriedly and hurriedlyB.do whatever you want to freely
C.not move him or herD.make the injured person stand up
【小题2】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.You should help an injured person in any condition.
B.Don't remove the clothing of the injured person whatever happens.
C.It is necessary to cover the victim with a blanket.
D.If the injured person feels hungry, you should give him or her some food.
【小题3】Why should bystanders be kept away from the victim?
A.Because bystanders can prevent the victim from receiving first aid
B.Because what they say can make the victim think the condition is very bad.
C.Because the victim doesn't want to accept the advice of bystanders.
D.Because the victim hates being surrounded by bystanders.
【小题4】The main purpose of the passage is to tell .
A.how to save a personB.what to do when an accident happens
C.how to call for helpD.how to give first aid

Have you ever wondered how your favorite NBA team received its famous name? All NBA teams have an interesting story or a history behind their names. Some of the names reflected the city’s culture or history, others came from previous owners and many were selected through “Name the Team” contests.

For teams like the Los Angeles Lakers and the Utah Jazz, the names were not always a reflection of the city. Even though Los Angeles has no lakes, the Lakers name has been a city treasure for almost 40 years. Before going to Los Angeles, the team originated in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In1947, team officials changed the name to the Lakers to reflect the Minnesota State’s nickname, “Land of 10,000 Lakes”. The team name went unchanged after moving to Los Angeles in1960.

Because the Utah’s team originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, it was called the Jazz. In 1974, New Orleans club officials chose the name to represent the city for its reputation as the “Jazz Capital of the World”. The name stayed with the team even after they found a new home in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1979.

The original owner of the Chicago Bulls, Richard Klein, named the team the Bulls. He picked the name because a fighting bull is relentless and never quits. Klein, who founded the club in 1966, believed these qualities were necessary for a championship team and hoped his Chicago athletes would live up to the team name. The Bulls, the winner of the six NBA championships, has definitely followed the belief.

In 1967, the Indiana Pacers selected their team name in a different way from most other teams. Their decision was based on what they wanted to achieve in the NBA. Team officials chose the Pacers name because the organization wanted to set the “pace” in professional basketball.

【小题1】Why is the Los Angeles’ team named “the Lakers”?
A.The name was selected from a “Name the Team” contest.
B.The name shows that Los Angeles is a city with various lakes.
C.It was named after a city treasure, which had a long history.
D.The team got this name in another state, which had a lot of lakes.
【小题2】Which of the following refers to the “Jazz Capital of the World”?
A.New Orleans.B.Salt Lake City.C.Los Angeles.D.Minneapolis.
【小题3】Why did Richard Klein name the Chicago’s team the Bulls?
A.He had guessed the success of the team.
B.People in Chicago used to like watching bullfighting.
C.He wished the team to have the qualities of fighting bulls.
D.Chicago was then a city famous for fighting bulls.
【小题4】In which part of a newspaper can you probably read the text?
A.Life.B.Sports.C.Society.D.Education.

Paragliding is a kind of flying, but instead of the wing being made of metal, wood or plastic, it is made of nylon or polyester. The wing is attached to a harness by lines where a pilot sits, similar to a parachute.

Is it safe?

Paragliding, is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving. The big advantage is that it’s probably the slowest form of aviation, so if you do crash, you'll hit the ground quite gently! It’s a very relaxing sport as you're mostly sitting down. Yet, you’ll probably experience pain in some muscles you didn’t know you had while learning, but many of those will be due to the walk up the training hill to launch.

Where do I learn?

There are lots of schools, mainly based inland by appropriate hills or mountains, and there are also schools on the coast near spectacular cliffs. These are very attractive, though the prospect of landing in the sea seems to discourage beginners! It takes seven days to get your basic license; then you’re free to fly independently at sites across the country.

What do I need?

Pilots normally wear warm clothes in case they get very high up, and a helmet in case they stumble on landing. In terms of gear, schools supply basic training, canopies, harnesses, etc. However, you'll probably want to buy your own more sophisticated equipment, which you’ll be able to choose much better once you’ve tried some out on your course.

Who can do it?

There’s no upper age limit provided your instructor judges you capable, but the youngest is 14. Anybody with good eyesight and good balance is a potential paraglider pilot.

Flying a paraglider is a great sport. We hope to see you in the air with us this season!

【小题1】Which would be the best heading for Paragraph 1?
A.What is paragliding?B.Who invented paragliding?
C.How is paragliding special?D.Why is paragliding popular?
【小题2】According to the passage, paragliding is____________ .
A.exciting but tiringB.safe and relaxing
C.attractive but expensiveD.fast and challenging
【小题3】What can we know from the passage?
A.Fit people of any age can take up paragliding.
B.Most paragliding schools are situated by the sea.
C.Pilots need to buy basic equipment on their training course.
D.Learners can fly on their own after at least a week’s training.

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