It is generally believed that tourism is very important for any country.【小题1】, tourism can finally lead to a series of problems.

Forests are cut down to make way for tourism

Rapid growth of tourism in an area always creates a huge need for more buildings. Forests are cut down to make space for parking lots and theme parks or hotels.【小题2】, air pollution will become a serious problem in those areas.

Tourism causes noise pollution

Places that attract big crowds of tourists every year produce loud noise either from the cars or loud music played by visitors.【小题3】. It puts people at risk of developing high blood pressure and heart problems. In some animals, loud noise makes their hearts heat faster and hurts their ability to survive(生存).

Tourism causes light pollution

【小题4】. Natural light is very important for some animals, especially for baby sea turtles. They are known to stay under the sand until temperatures get cooler, so they cone out at night. They then move towards the brightest area which is the ocean. But many baby turtles die when they move towards brightly lit places around beaches and get lost.

Tourists are leaving behind mountains of trash

Seeing plastic cups and glass bottles around sea shores by the beaches isn't something new. It has become a common sight, especially in those places most frequently visited by tourists.【小题5】. Many fish and other animals in the seas have been killed by them.

2022 Earthshot Prize Winners Announced

Last Friday, Britain’s Prince William announced the winners of this year’s Earthshot Prize. Each prize-winner won $1.2 million for their efforts. Below are some of this year’s prize-winning projects.

Protect and Restore Nature

Kheyti won the prize for protecting and restoring nature with its “Greenhouse-in-a-box” idea. The company provides a simple, large greenhouse to small farmers at a low cost. The greenhouse helps protect crops from insects and other pests. It also helps the crops survive extreme weather conditions, Kheyti is already working with 1, 000 farmers across India.

Clean Our Air

Charlot Magayi won the prize for cleaning the air. After her daughter was burned by a charcoal-burning stove, Ms. Magayi developed a safer, cleaner stove, called the Mukuru Clean Stove. Ms. Magayi’s stoves use a different fuel that’s cheaper and pollutes far less than charcoal stoves. Currently, over 200,000 Mukuru Clean Stoves are being used in Kenya.

Build a Waste-Free World

A London-based company called Notpla (for “Not Plastic”) won the prize for building a waste-free world. They’ve created a plastic substitute from seaweed. Unlike most plastic, their products break down naturally with no microplastics. Notpla believes their products can help end the plastic pollution that’s filling landfills and polluting oceans. This year alone, the company has made one million Notpla takeaway food boxes, replacing similar plastic-coated boxes.

Fix Our Climate

The Earthshot prize for working toward fixing our climate went to a company called 44. 01. 44. 01 has come up with a way to turn polluting carbon dioxide (CO₂) into a rock called peridotite. Once the CO₂ has been turned into rock, it can no longer be released into the atmosphere again. The method that 44. 01 uses is fast, cheap, and permanent.

The early life of the green sea turtle (海龟) is full of danger. Only one in 1,000 baby sea turtles survive to adulthood (成年). From its home in the sand, it breaks its egg with an egg tooth. Its mother is not there to help it. Instead, it is greeted by crabs, coyotes, and dogs waiting to eat it for dinner. To survive, the baby turtle must hide in the sand until night. Then, it moves slowly to the sea.

The small turtle must swim hard to reach the ocean waters. In the sea, it tries hard to find food. It must also keep itself from being food for fish.

As dangerous as the sea turtle’s life is in the natural world, its most dangerous enemies are humans. The rubbish left by humans in the ocean causes problems for the small green sea turtle. A little turtle might eat a piece of plastic (塑料) in the sea. It might also eat oil on the ocean’s surface. Young turtles also get caught in fishing nets. There are laws against hunting sea turtles. Still, many are hunted, both for their meat and for their shells (壳). All of these dangers must be prevented.

Sea turtles that do survive to grow into adulthood go through many changes. For example, adult green sea turtles weigh about 500 pounds. They stop eating jellyfish and other meat and eat only plants. And they may plan a trip to go back home again. A mother sea turtle goes back to the beach where she was born. This is the only place where she will lay eggs. Even if it has been forty years since she was a baby, she always knows her way back home.