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When disaster strikes a community, it is often critical that assistance be provided right away. The best first responders are the people who call that area home. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program teaches civilians how to prepare themselves for dangers that might affect their communities. Teams of volunteers are trained in basic skills such as fire safety and prevention, search and rescue, and first aid. After training, these volunteers can begin to provide immediate assistance in the consequence of disasters before professional rescuers arrive.

A CERT team can make a huge difference to a community. During the early stages of a disastrous event, citizens will likely face extreme challenges on their own. Emergency services are usually overwhelmed, and communities may be isolated because of blocked roads. A CERT team can size up the situation in their neighborhood and provide help right away. In 1986, untrained volunteers saved more than 800 lives in the Mexico City earthquake. Unfortunately, at least 100 volunteers also died in the process. To ensure their community was better prepared in events like this, Los Angeles piloted the first CERT program in 1986, and many cities followed their lead.

People of all ages can participate in a CERT program-there is even a teen program for adolescents. Local CERT trainers hold an annual training class and provide subsequent classes throughout the year to consolidate skills.

CERT programs are useful on many different levels. Volunteers are trained to act as eyes and ears, locating trapped victims for uniformed emergency responders who arrive later. They learn to put out small fires, shut off equipment, rescue survivors and provide basic medical treatment. Volunteers also create disaster plans to evacuate families as well as collect and store disaster supplies such as water, food and first-aid kits. Working with professionals, a CERT team can help reduce injuries, loss of life and property damage.

There are now CERT programs throughout the United States, and more than 600,000 people have trained as volunteers. Brazil, New Zealand and Turkey have similar programs. Citizens participate because they believe that everyone in a community has a role in disaster preparedness. By working competently as a team, CERT volunteers protect not only themselves but also the people around them when disasters occur.

【小题1】According to the passage, when do CERT members usually provide assistance?
A.Before those professional rescuers arrive.B.When uniformed emergency responders arrive.
C.During the early stages of a disastrous event.D.Throughout the process of rescue in a disaster.
【小题2】The word “pilot” in the second paragraph most probably means ________.
A.conductB.imitateC.passD.discuss
【小题3】According to the passage, residents in the community in some countries are willing to be CERT volunteers because ________.
A.they think each in the community is important in preventing and fighting against disaster
B.they believe everyone in the community has the responsibility in a sudden natural disaster
C.they think volunteers in the community can protect themselves and others in a disaster
D.they believe they can help victims earlier and more effectively than professional ones
【小题4】What would be the proper title for the passage?
A.CERT and professional rescue teams are important
B.CERT is a folk but helpful organization in America
C.Ordinary people can save lives in a natural disaster
D.Volunteers can effectively prevent a natural disaster
2022·上海宝山·一模
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Dear Jim O’Connor,

My name is Annie Le and I am writing to you on behalf of the Native Health Community Garden, a group of people working on starting a community garden in the Mesa Neighborhood.

While searching for potential garden locations, we came across your house located at West Southern Avenue. We are asking about the possibility of using your land as the site of our garden.

In general, a community garden is a space where plants are grown and taken care of by a group of people in the community. Community gardens improve the quality of life, offer more chances to talk to each other and beautify neighborhoods while providing green food and therefore reducing the household cost of food.

To ensure the smooth running of the project, elected volunteers would be in charge. You would have access to all these volunteers and they would like to answer any questions you may have.

I have included some general information about community gardens and what they can bring to a community. We would love to speak with you in person or over the phone to discuss what hosting community garden on your land would involve. Issues may include discussing an agreement rental charges, garden rules, and water access. All the costs for the project will be covered by us. We would also like to present to you our vision of this space.

We would very much like to have your support. Thank you for your consideration and please feel free to contact me. Thank you again.

Respectfully,

Annie Le

【小题1】Why did Annie Le write to Jim O’Connor.
A.To rent his land.
B.To offer him a job.
C.To invite him to join her group.
D.To inform him of the community garden.
【小题2】According to the passage, what will the garden bring to the community?
A.More green projects.B.Less water pollution.
C.More communication.D.Higher cost of living
【小题3】Annie Le would like to further discuss ______.
A.service costB.cooperation details
C.gardening skillsD.community development

During the cold winter months of 2013, Shyam Bihari Prasad, an old retired man, moved to Vasant Kunj in New Delhi to live with his daughter. This elderly gentleman would visit the Hanuman temple near his home every morning, where he would often see several children standing outside, begging the people for food.

"These children have working parents who lock their homes when they go to work. They have to leave their children outside to look after themselves. Classes in the local government school start only at 10:00AM, so these children beg for food outside the temple before going to school", says Prasad.

One morning, Prasad bought biscuits from the shop near the temple gate for a few of them. When talking with them, Prasad learnt more about their school and the different classes the children attended. He also asked them some basic questions and realized they had no grasp of simple concepts in science and math, nor any knowledge of spelling and writing in English and Hindi. He asked them if they would like to study. After receiving a positive response, he promised to meet them on the pavement outside the temple the next day at 8:00AM. Ever since that cold winter morning in November 2013, these street children have had classes on the pavement outside the temple.

Several local residents take a keen interest in the classes as well, offering help when they have time. Madam Manju comes in to teach the children English, Brother Singh helps them with math, and Mandam Kirtika gives lessons in both science and math. There are others who donate books and some who buy snacks for the children.

Despite the noisy vehicles and passers-by, the children here are focused and eager to read and write. They didn't know how to sit or talk properly at first. Now they have changed and helped each other with their studies. Shyam Brihari Prasad has turned the lives of many of these children around. They are doing well in their school exams and are spending happy and fruitful mornings instead of begging on the street.

【小题1】Why did the children wander around the Hanuman temple?
A.They were too young to go to school and had to kill time there.
B.The Hanuman temple was a good place for them to play and study.
C.Their parents lock their homes before their classes start.
D.They could get more food and money from people visiting the Hanuman temple.
【小题2】What did Shyam Bihari Prasad do after discovering the children's situation?
A.He taught them on the pavement outside the temple.
B.He offered free biscuits to them at the temple gate every day.
C.He helped them with their homework after school.
D.He talked to their parents about their studies.
【小题3】What does the author want to tell us in the fourth paragraph?
A.What subjects the street school offers.
B.How the local people help the street children.
C.When classes start at the street school.
D.What the street children's school life is like.
【小题4】Thanks to Shyam Bihari Prasad, the street children____________.
A.behave better at schoolB.enjoy helping strangers
C.hate reading books in the morningD.can get full marks in exams

Volunteering is a great way to support an organization and make a difference in your community. It can also be an opportunity to meet new people and learn new skills. 【小题1】 And what should we plan for? Here’s a guide for beginners.

Step 1: 【小题2】

Do you want to help the world, or your community? Do you want to build your own skills, make new friends, and learn? Do you love what you do? Do you want to share your gifts with others or give something back? Think about these kinds of questions. That can help you to choose the right direction for your volunteer work.

Step 2: Choose an organization that is meaningful to you.

If you feel strongly about literacy (读写), for instance, volunteer at your local library or find out if there is an organization of volunteer tutors in your area. There are organizations doing all sorts of work. 【小题3】

Step 3: Start small.

If you already have a busy school life, volunteer your time for an hour or two a week, or perhaps one day a month..【小题4】 Then, if you find you enjoy the work and have more time to do it, take on more time by time.

Step 4: Get training.

If there is a training course, attend it. If not, talk to the group leaders and other volunteers about their experiences. 【小题5】

Step 5: Try not to give up.

Volunteer work sometimes involves unpleasant tasks, difficult fellow workers, busy days, or bad management. If you find your work difficult, however, try to work through it before you decide to quit.

A.Do you love to work with people?
B.But how do we go about volunteering?
C.Get to know others in the organization.
D.It is important that you choose something that you like.
E.Think about why you want to volunteer.
F.You’ll pick up some good tips to make your work there more productive.
G.You might be surprised by how much you can do in even a little bit of time.

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