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Nearly 10 million people worldwide live with Parkinson’s disease. While Parkinson’s is incurable, some of its worst symptoms can be relieved and controlled using medications. A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough, before patients experience the symptoms brought on by irreversible(不可逆转的)neuron loss.

But scientists might have just the thing to change the situation. And it involves a nose. In a study published in the journal ACS Omega, researchers from China’s Zhejiang University created an “e-nose, ”a portable device that can detect body smells specific to Parkinson’s patients.

It may come as a surprise to learn Parkinson’s patients have their own smells. But after a retired nurse in Scotland made headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband’s Parkinson’s diagnosis, scientists have been trying hard to create a device that could smell the disease before physical symptoms start to show.

Over the years, scientists have found people with Parkinson’s tend to produce more sebum (皮脂)than the average person. This sebum mixes with other overproduced substances to produce certain, unique smells.

To track down these smells, the Zhejiang University researchers swabbed(用拭子擦拭)the upper backs of 31 Parkinson’s patients and 32 healthy volunteers. Using machine-learning software, they were able to identify three smell compounds that healthy volunteers lacked. The researchers then tested the e-nose on sebum taken from 12 Parkinson’s patients and 12 healthy people. The device was found to be about 71 percent accurate in distinguishing healthy sebum from Parkinson’s sebum.

These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose’s performance in any way. But for now, as the number of people living with Parkinson’s in the U. S. is expected to rise to 1.2 million by 2030, a nose might be the best option to detect this disease.

【小题1】What makes it difficult for Parkinson’s patients to get effective treatment?
A.Its medications are in short supply.
B.It involves irreversible neuron loss.
C.Its early signs are not easy to notice.
D.It’s not a curable disease medically.
【小题2】What did the Scottish nurse find?
A.Her husband’s body gave off a strange smell.
B.Her husband had a heightened sense of smell.
C.A smell caused her husband to suffer from a disease.
D.A smell could relieve her husband’s Parkinson’s symptoms.
【小题3】What will the researchers do concerning their invention?
A.Put it into clinical use.
B.Conduct a broader test.
C.Create more lab models.
D.Expand its market outside the U. S.
【小题4】What is the best title for the text?
A.This e-nose can smell Parkinson’s
B.Parkinson’s patients produce more sebum
C.People living with Parkinson’s are on the rise
D.Researchers have found treatment for Parkinson’s
22-23高三上·湖北襄阳·期中
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Every day, people share more than 2 billion photos on the Internet. While visual content provides a fun and expressive way for people to communicate online, consuming and creating it poses challenges for people who are blind or severely visually impaired (受损的). With more than 39 million people who are blind, and over 246 million who have a severe visual impairment, many people may feel excluded from the conversation around photos on the Internet. The researchers from Harvard University want to build technology that helps the blind community appreciate photos in the same way others enjoy them.

Automatic alternative text is a new development that generates a description of a photo using advancements in object recognition technology. People using screen readers on digital devices will hear a list of items a photo may contain as they click photos on the Internet. Before today, people using screen readers would only hear the name of the person who shared the photo, followed by the term “photo” when they came upon an image. Now they can offer a richer description of what’s in a photo thanks to automatic alternative text. For instance, someone could now hear “an image containing three people, smiling, outdoors”.

This is possible because of Harvard University’s object recognition technology, which is based on a network that has billions of parameters and is trained with millions of examples. Each advancement in object recognition technology means that the researchers will be able to make technology even more accessible to more people. When people are connected, they can achieve extraordinary things as individuals and as a community, and when everyone is connected, we all benefit from it.

They are launching automatic alternative text first on cellphone screen readers set to English, but they plan to add this functionality for other languages and platforms soon. While this technology is still nascent, using its current capabilities to describe photos is an important step toward providing our visually impaired community with the same benefits and enjoyment that everyone else gets from photos.

【小题1】Why is the technology launched?
A.There are so many photos on the Internet.
B.There are many people suffering from blindness.
C.Some digital devices are in need of the technology.
D.People with vision problems fail to enjoy photos online.
【小题2】What is the advantage of the technology over the previous one?
A.It can offer more photos to blind people.
B.It can describe more about online photos.
C.It can recognize the person who shares photos.
D.It can satisfy the common needs of blind people.
【小题3】What is the key to promoting the technology?
A.The photos on the Internet.B.People’s care for blind people.
C.People’s connections to each other.D.The object recognition technology.
【小题4】Which can best explain the underlined word “nascent” in the last paragraph?
A.Emerging.B.Reliable.C.Powerful.D.Conventional.

Television is a central part of many people’s lives. There are very few places in the world where one cannot find a television set. Some sporting events, such as the Olympic Games or the football World Cup, can attract audiences of many millions. But is television a good or bad influence on young people in the modern world?

Thomas Murray, president of the British Parents Against Television Society, believes that it has not improved young people’s lives. “Television damages family life,” he argues. “At mealtime, families no longer talk to each other. In the evenings, youngsters do not spend good quality time with family members. Instead, they watch television.” Murray says that this lack of communication leads to social problems.

Murray also believes that the content of television programmes provides young people with poor role models. “There is so much violence(暴力) on TV—guns, kung fu fighting, and so on. Young people think that all problems should be solved by aggression.”

It is not just young people’s mental health that worries Murray. “Teenagers don’t get enough exercise because they spend so many hours watching television. They also develop back problems from sitting down for so long, and eye strain from the effort of watching.”

Murray would like to see changes to television habits. “Programmes should be educational. Their contents should be nonviolent and healthy. There should be no programmes after ten o'clock in the evening. Parents should teach their children to enjoy their spare time by playing sports or games. And certainly, the television should be switched off during meal time.

Susan Taylor is a television producer. She believes that television is a good influence on young people. “Television brings the outside world to youngsters. It even brought us pictures from the moon! And look what happens after the Olympic Games or the World Cup matches have been shown on TV. People start to take more exercise. Also, there are a lot of programmes about healthy eating and keeping fit.”

However, Taylor agrees with Murray’s point of view concerning parents. “Of course parents have a role to play in educating their kids. They should turn the TV off during mealtime and they should talk with their children as often as possible.”

【小题1】The article is mainly about ________.
A.that TV is a central part of many people’s lives
B.that Murray would like to see changes to television habits
C.whether TV is a good or bad influence on young people in the modern world
D.that parents should turn the TV off during mealtime and talk with their children
【小题2】Which of the following statements is True?
A.Teenagers will get backache for sitting down for a long time.
B.Murray only worries about young people’s mental health.
C.TV programmes are nonviolent and educational.
D.Teenagers don’t like doing exercise at all.
【小题3】What leads to social problems in Murray’s opinion?
A.The lack of communication.
B.Young people watching too much TV.
C.So much violence on TV.
D.Not enough exercise.
【小题4】The underlined words “eye strain” in paragraph 4 probably means ________.
A.eye sicknessB.blindnessC.eye tirednessD.far-sightedness
【小题5】We can infer from this passage that _________.
A.Murray is president of the British Parents Against Television Society
B.Susan Taylor completely disagrees with Murray on TV
C.there are both good and bad programmes on TV
D.Susan Taylor is a television producer

The Mattel toy company created a new Barbie doll with the famous British scientist Jane Goodall as its model. The company issued the new doll this week, the latest member of the Barbie toymaker’s “Inspiring Women”. Mattel said the doll, made from used plastic, honored Goodall’s deep research on chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Tanzania and her efforts to protect the wild animals.

The doll was dressed in a light brown shirt and shorts, much like that seen in many images of Goodall at work in Africa. It also came with a notebook, telescopes and another doll modeled on the real chimp Goodall named David Greybeard. He was the first chimpanzee with which she built trust in Tanzania’s Gombe Stream National Park. The relationship permitted her to study the animals extremely closely. “I wanted a doll to be me even before this idea came up,” the 88- year-old scientist said. She praised Mattel for developing new Barbies standing for a wider number of working women.

Lisa McKnight agreed. She is the Executive Vice President and Global Head of Barbie and Dolls for Mattel. She said, “We hope that this collection inspires kids to learn more about green careers and how they can protect the planet, and act out stories about environmental protection through doll play.”

Goodall started her research in what is now Tanzania in the 1960s. She produced much research on wild chimpanzees over the years. She recorded how they made and used tools, lived in communities, and showed a high level of emotional understanding.

Goodall wanted to teach children that if they wanted to have a good effect on the changing environment, they must act. Goodall said, “Hope is about action on climate change, loss of wildlife, unfriendly lifestyles and pollution. We reach out to others because there are people working on each one of these problems…”

【小题1】What do we know about the doll modeled on Goodall?
A.It was created by Goodall.
B.It looked like a chimpanzee.
C.It was in honour of Goodall.
D.It was named David Greybeard.
【小题2】What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.The habits of chimpanzees.
B.Goodall’s career experiences.
C.The importance of studying wild animals.
D.The bad living conditions of chimpanzees.
【小题3】What did Goodall call on children to do in the last paragraph?
A.Keep healthy.
B.Raise questions.
C.Adapt to the environment.
D.Protect the natural environment.
【小题4】Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Jane Goodall Gets Her Own Doll
B.A New Doll Is About to Go on Sale
C.Women Should Have Green Careers
D.Environmentally Friendly Action Is a Must

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