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Nearly 10 million people worldwide live with Parkinson’s disease. While Parkinson’s is incurable, some of its worst symptoms can be relieved and controlled using medications. A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough, before patients experience the symptoms brought on by irreversible(不可逆转的)neuron loss.

But scientists might have just the thing to change the situation. And it involves a nose. In a study published in the journal ACS Omega, researchers from China’s Zhejiang University created an “e-nose, ”a portable device that can detect body smells specific to Parkinson’s patients.

It may come as a surprise to learn Parkinson’s patients have their own smells. But after a retired nurse in Scotland made headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband’s Parkinson’s diagnosis, scientists have been trying hard to create a device that could smell the disease before physical symptoms start to show.

Over the years, scientists have found people with Parkinson’s tend to produce more sebum (皮脂)than the average person. This sebum mixes with other overproduced substances to produce certain, unique smells.

To track down these smells, the Zhejiang University researchers swabbed(用拭子擦拭)the upper backs of 31 Parkinson’s patients and 32 healthy volunteers. Using machine-learning software, they were able to identify three smell compounds that healthy volunteers lacked. The researchers then tested the e-nose on sebum taken from 12 Parkinson’s patients and 12 healthy people. The device was found to be about 71 percent accurate in distinguishing healthy sebum from Parkinson’s sebum.

These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose’s performance in any way. But for now, as the number of people living with Parkinson’s in the U. S. is expected to rise to 1.2 million by 2030, a nose might be the best option to detect this disease.

【小题1】What makes it difficult for Parkinson’s patients to get effective treatment?
A.Its medications are in short supply.
B.It involves irreversible neuron loss.
C.Its early signs are not easy to notice.
D.It’s not a curable disease medically.
【小题2】What did the Scottish nurse find?
A.Her husband’s body gave off a strange smell.
B.Her husband had a heightened sense of smell.
C.A smell caused her husband to suffer from a disease.
D.A smell could relieve her husband’s Parkinson’s symptoms.
【小题3】What will the researchers do concerning their invention?
A.Put it into clinical use.
B.Conduct a broader test.
C.Create more lab models.
D.Expand its market outside the U. S.
【小题4】What is the best title for the text?
A.This e-nose can smell Parkinson’s
B.Parkinson’s patients produce more sebum
C.People living with Parkinson’s are on the rise
D.Researchers have found treatment for Parkinson’s
22-23高三上·湖北襄阳·期中
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Ammaar Reshi, 28, has been fascinated by technology since he was a child. One day, when he was experimenting with an AI-powered chatbot, he began to consider how artificial intelligence could be used to create a basic children’s book to give to his friends. Without ever picking up a pen and paper, he created a 12-page picture book.

Just 72 hours later, Reshi self-published his book on Amazon’s digital bookstore. The next day he got the paperback (平装书), which was made available for free through another Amazon service called KPD.

Reshi said he paid nothing to have the book created and published, although he has already paid for a $30-per-month Midway subscription. Impressed by the speed and results of his project, Reshi shared the experience in a Twitter thread that attracted more than 2,000 comments and 5,800 retweets (转发).

Reshi stated that he received great feedback (反馈) from users, who lauded his creative work at first. But the next day, the replies were negative. “There was this incredibly passionate reaction,” Reshi said. “At 4 am, I was woken up by my phone exploding every two minutes with a new tweet saying things like ‘We hate you’.”

Reshi was taken aback by the outpouring of emotion in response to what was supposed to be a present for some friends’ children. He didn’t realize he had landed in the heart of a much broader argument.

Some artists have expressed concern that AI art generators are stealing their work in response to Reshi’s book. And some artists claim that their work has been used without their permission to train AI picture generators.

“I wouldn’t even call myself an author,” Reshi said. “The AI is essentially the ghostwriter (代笔者), and the other AI is the illustrator.” But he thought the process was creative.

【小题1】Why did Reshi create the picture book?
A.To test his friends.
B.To make some money.
C.To test a computer program.
D.To improve his technical ability.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “lauded” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Improved.B.Studied.
C.Resisted.D.Praised.
【小题3】How did Reshi feel about the artists’ reaction to his creation?
A.Worried.B.Shocked.
C.Motivated.D.Ashamed.
【小题4】What can we learn about Reshi from the last paragraph?
A.He wants to be a real author.
B.He won’t create another book.
C.He doesn’t mean to upset artists.
D.He worries about AI stealing artists’ work.

Diplomacy (外交) is an art. It requires not only strategy, but also other aspects, including intuition, persuasion, and even tricks, human skills that have long been unreachable to even the most powerful artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. Now, an AI algorithm (算法) from a high-tech company has shown it can beat many humans in a game of diplomacy, which required both strategic planning and negotiations with other players. The work, researchers said, could point the way toward virtual exercise coaches and conflict mediators (调解员) .

AI has already beaten humans in some games of strategy. It is also proving powerful at natural-language processing, in which it can generate humanlike text and carry on conversations. In the game of diplomacy, seven players vied for control of Europe. On each turn, players issued orders regarding the movement of army and naval units, following discussion with other players, whom they could attack or support.

There are two technical innovations noted by Jonathan Gratch, a computer scientist at the University of Southern California who studies negotiation agents. First, the Al agent’s com-munication is grounded in multistep planning. Second. the Al agent keeps its remarks and game play within the range of human common practice.

To test its skill, the researchers had the Al agent play 40 online games against humans. It placed in the top 10% of players who’d played at least two games. “In a game that involves language and negotiation, that agents can reach human equal level is very exciting,” said Yu, a computer scientist at Columbia University.

According to Brown, a computer scientist at the company who co-authored the paper, the work could lead to practical applications in fields that now require a human touch. One specific example is that virtual personal assistants might help consumers negotiate for better prices on plane tickets. Gratch and Yu both see opportunities for agents that persuade people to make healthy choices or open up during therapy.

【小题1】Who is likely to benefit from the research work?
A.A famous cyber athlete.B.A professor of civil law.
C.A professional accountant.D.A virtual fitness instructor.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “vied” mean in paragraph 2?
A.Accounted.B.Apologized.C.Searched.D.Competed.
【小题3】Why does the author mention AI agent?
A.To understand the thought of AI.B.To illustrate the advantages of AI.
C.To describe the importance of AI.D.To introduce the strategy of AI.
【小题4】What is the best title for the text?
A.Diplomacy, a Popular GameB.AI Learns the Art of Diplomacy
C.Al Will Become a Perfect DiplomatD.An Excellent Game Player

This summer, a $2. 10 billion energy storage project called Nant de Drance opened in Valais, Switzerland. The project, which some people call a “water battery”, can store more energy than 400, 000 car batteries. The system works by gravity. There are two large water reservoirs (水库)high in the Swiss mountains. One is much higher than the other. The two are connected by a system of tunnels.

When there is too much electricity, Nant de Drance can use that energy to pump water from the lower reservoir to the upper one. As long as the water remains in the upper reservoir, the energy is stored, ready to be used. To produce power, water is released from the upper reservoir. Gravity pulls the water down into the tunnels, where it rushes through six large turbines (涡轮机), The turbines produce electricity, which is sent back out.

Though the system is a fairly simple one, building it took 14 years and a lot of effort. The upper reservoir had to be doubled in size. Workers had to create 10. 5 miles (17 kilometres) of large tunnels connecting the two reservoirs. That meant carving out huge amounts of rock from inside the mountains. The turbines are located over a third of a mile (0. 6 kilometres) underground.

By 2030, Europe aims to have four times as much power storage as it has now. The Nant de Drance project is a big step in the right direction. The project is far bigger than Switzerland needs on its own, so it’s expected to help balance Europe’s energy supplies. Nant de Drance can switch between storing energy and producing it in just a few minutes.

Using water to store and create energy isn’t a new idea. But in the past, many pumped water storage projects involved seriously changing or damaging rivers. Because Nant de Drance is almost entirely underground, it’s much more friendly to the local environment. As an added bonus, the system is expected to be reliable and shouldn’t require much effort to keep going.

【小题1】Why is Nant de Drance called a ”water battery”?
A.It uses water to store energy.
B.It is mainly powered by water.
C.It pumps water from reservoirs.
D.It provides electricity for vehicles.
【小题2】What does the system count on to pull the stored water down?
A.Turbines.
B.Gravity.
C.Tunnels.
D.Electricity.
【小题3】What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A.The main function of Nant de Drance.
B.The connection of the two reservoirs.
C.The comments on the project.
D.The difficulty in building Nant de Drance.
【小题4】What is the author’s attitude towards Nant de Drance?
A.Objective.
B.Concerned.
C.Favourable.
D.Doubtful.

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