Litterati is a company that’s trying to make the world a cleaner place.【小题1】Shared online, this information contributes to building a global database of “litter maps,” which can influence policy and packaging design.

Jeff Kirschner is the founder and CEO of Litterati. He came up with the idea while walking in a forest with his then-four-year-old daughter. 【小题2】 Despite being young, she expressed distress (悲痛) at the container being somewhere that it wasn’t supposed to be. This awareness stays with us as adults. The litter problem is so huge: what’s an individual person supposed to do?

【小题3】 Uploading pictures to an app shows users that they’re not the only ones picking up litter from public places and that others are cleaning the planet, too. And the data accumulates rapidly. Kirschner said,“【小题4】 This information includes the objects, materials, brands and their location.”

kirschner describes these data-driven maps as being like a fingerprint. “That fingerprint provides both the source of the problem and the path to the solution.” 【小题5】In San Francisco ,the Litterati app was able to map more than 5,000 pieces of trash (垃圾) in order to determine how much was generated by cigarettes specifically. Using this information the city successfully challenged a lawsuit (诉讼) by tobacco companies and doubled an existing cigarette sales tax. In the Netherlands, Litterati’s data helped push Dutch brand Anta Flu to repackage its hard candies in waxed paper rather than plastic.