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You’re running late for work and you can’t find your keys: What’s really annoying is that in your search, you pick up and move them without realizing. This may be because the brain systems involved in the task are working at different speeds, with the system responsible for perception(感知)unable to keep pace.

So says Grayden Solman and his colleagues at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. To investigate how we search, Solman’s team created a simple computer-based task that involved searching through a pile of colored shapes on a computer screen. Volunteers were instructed to find a specific shapes as quickly as possible, while the computer monitored their actions.“Between 10 and 20 percent of the time, they would miss the object,”says Solman, even though they picked it up.“We thought that was remarkably often.”

To find out why, the team developed a number of further experiments. To check whether volunteers were just forgetting their target, they gave a new group a list of items to memorize before the search task, which they had to recall afterwards.

The idea was to fill each volunteer’s“memory load”,so that they were unable to hold any other information in their short-term memory. Although this was expected to have a negative effect on their performance at the search task, the extra load made no difference to the percentage of mistakes volunteers made.

To check that the volunteers were paying enough attention to the items they were moving, Solman’s team created another task involving a pile of cards marked with shapes that only became visible while the card was being moved. Again, they were surprised to see the same level of error, says Solman. Finally, the team analyzed participants’ mouse movements as they were carrying out a similar search task. They discovered that volunteers’ movements were slower after they had moved and missed their target.

Solman’s team propose that the system in the brain that deals with movement is running too quickly for the visual system to keep up. While you are searching around a messy house to find your keys, you might not be giving your visual system enough time to work out what each object is. Since time can be costly, sacrificing accuracy on occasion for speed might be beneficial overall, Solman thinks.

The slowing of mouse movements suggests that at some level the volunteers were aware that they had missed their target, a theory that is backed up by other studies that show people tend to slow down their actions after they have made a mistake, even if they don’t consciously realize the mistake.

【小题1】What conclusion has Solman drawn from the first task?
A.More volunteers are needed to confirm the findings.
B.It happens very often that people miss what they intend to find.
C.Computers make negative effects on how people perform at the task.
D.Targets tend to be forgotten after people search for 10 minutes or more.
【小题2】What can be inferred from the third task that Solman’s team created?
A.Cards marked with shapes may become a source of distraction.
B.Fewer errors will be made if people are forbidden to move cards.
C.People may be absent-minded even when they are moving something.
D.Volunteers prefer to use a mouse to control the objects on the computer screen.
【小题3】What does“a theory”(in the last paragraph)refers to?
A.Mistakes will cause people to reduce the speed.
B.Our visual system can’t keep up with the brain system.
C.The faster people move, the more mistakes they will make.
D.People’s actions are independent of the mistakes they make.
【小题4】Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A.Better memory, worse search
B.Accuracy speaks louder than speed
C.Hurry up, or you will make mistakes
D.Slow down your search to find your keys
21-22高二上·上海静安·期中
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Contrary to popular belief, when a person makes a mistake while learning, it improves their memory for the right information, but only if the error is close to the correct answer, according to recent findings by Baycrest researchers.

Our research found evidence that mistakes that are a' near miss' can help a person learn the in formation better than if no errors were made at all, says Dr. Nicole Anderson, senior scientist at Bavcrest's Rotman Research Institute. " These types of errors can serve as stepping stones to remembering the right answer. But if the error made is a wild guess, then a person doesn’t learn the correct information as easily.

In their study, researchers asked 32 young adults with no Spanish background to guess the English definition of certain Spanish words,, The Spanish words selected either resembled an English word with a similar meaning or the word looked like an English word. but meant something different.

Participants were shown the Spanish words and asked to guess their meanings. Then, they were briefly shown the correct translation, before being shown another Spanish word. After repeating this process with 16 Spanish words, participants had a short break before their memory for the translations was tested. Researchers found that people were better able to think of the correct translations for Spanish words that were similar to the English words.They had greater difficulty recalling the meaning for words that looked misleading.

''Based on these findings, someone studying for an exam should only take practice quizzes Nafter reviewing the material, "says Dr. Anderson. "If a person takes a practice test and is unfamiliar with the content, they risk making guesses that are nowhere near the right answer.

This could make it harder for them to learn the correct information later".

【小题1】What do people usually think of mistakes in learning?
A.Necessary
B.Avoidable
C.Harmful
D.Beneficial
【小题2】Which of the following best explains"recalling" underlined in paragraph 4?
A.Remembering
B.Realizing
C.Distinguishing
D.Understanding
【小题3】Which of the following reflects Dr. Andersons opinion?
A.Errors of any kind are likely to help with learning
B.Taking practice tests before exams isn't always a good thing
C.Practice tests should be taken before lessons have been reviewed
D.It's important to make as few mistake as possible during learning.
【小题4】What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Making Mistakes Is Also an Art.
B.A Unexpected Way to Improve Memory
C.Trying to Remember the Correct Information Is Important
D.Making Mistakes While Studying May Help. You Learn Better

The eyeliner makes the dark circles less pronounced. The lip gloss hides the trembling. The ponytail conceals missing patches of hair. The Abercrombie sweater covers bruises. I might look at bit thinner, but everyone will ask about my new diet. My hair might not shine the way it used to, but the pink ribbon will distract curious eyes. One hour of preparation and I look like myself. One hour of preparation and no one will know. One hour out of 24. Sometimes I wonder if it’s worth it – wasting a twenty-fourth of my day on a lie. But then I see my wispy hair and baggy eyes, and I have to do it.

Checking my makeup one last time, I push my sleeves up, though not past my elbows. I slip on a cute pair of flats – heels are too dangerous with shaky legs – and grab my Hollister bag. Padding downstairs, I inhale the scent of waffles and syrup.

“Morning, Mom,” I call.

“Morning, baby,” she chirps. “Did you sleep well?”

“Better than I have been.”

She sighs, and her eyes look a hundred years old for a minute. “Any improvement is good,” she says half-heartedly.

“Of course”“

“I made waffles.” Her offering.

Thanks, Mom. Smells delicious.” My offering.

I sit at the table and she hands me a plate. The thought of all that food turns my stomach, but I force a smile and thank my mother again. She busies herself at the sink and fills the silence with chatter. When she turns around, she takes in the waffles still on my plate, only missing a few bites. I smile apologetically.

“I’m not very hungry this morning.”

“You’ll need your strength for this afternoon.” She bites her lip. She doesn’t like to bring it up over breakfast. I eat another bite.“

“I packed your lunch.”

I’m 18, Mom. I can pack my own lunch. You have more important things to do.”

She reaches for the paper sack. “But now I know you’ll have something to eat. And you need to eat, okay? You have to keep your strength up.”

Sighing, I take the bag. I know this peanut butter and jelly sandwich won’t be eaten, not any more than the one yesterday or the day before. And even if I do eat it, I’ll just throw it up later. Anything consumed after 11 ends up in a plastic basin at 4:07. It’s just the way it works.

“Hon, have you thought about what I said the other day?” she asks.

I shrug noncommittally.

“Sweetheart, you can’t hide this forever. Eventually you’re going to miss school and people will start asking questions.”“

“Mom, I have two months left of high school. I can make it ’til then. I’m class president and probably valedictorian. I was voted ‘Most popular,’ ‘Most fun to be around,’ ‘Best smile,’ and ‘Most likely to succeed.’ I’m the girl who’s got it all together. People don’t want to know that the girl who’s got it all together, doesn’t have it all together. People don’t want to know that girl is dying!”

“Honey, don’t say that. You’re not dying.”

“Yes, I am. I have cancer. You heard Dr. Morrison. I have maybe a year left. But that means I can graduate and then never see those people again. I’ll die and they’ll feel sorry for me, but at least I won’t have to endure their pity.”

“But …,” she tries to interrupt.

“Mom, listen to me. I don’t want to be the girl everyone looks at and whispers, ‘Look at her. Poor thing, she has cancer.’ I can’t handle that. I want to be normal. Just for these last two months.”

“Okay,” she whispers. “Okay. Just remember, it’s okay if you don’t have it all together. Sometimes things just fall apart and there’s nothing we can do.”

“Thanks, Mom.” I grab my bag and lunch and kiss her on the cheek. “I love you.”

“I love you too,” my mom replies. This exchange, once taken for granted, is now a vital part of every morning, every afternoon, every night. Three little words, followed by four more, have come to mean more than an entire conversation. They bridge all gaps and disagreements, because we both know there is now a finite number left.

Keys in hand, I open the door and blink in the early morning sun. My silver car waits in the driveway and as I walk toward it, I check my reflection in the tinted window. Perfect.

【小题1】Why does the author think her make up time is spent on a lie?
A.Because she is going on a new diet.
B.Because she is pretending to look normal.
C.Because she tries to look prettier than she actually is.
D.Because she has to deal with her wispy hair and baggy eyes.
【小题2】The author doesn’t eat much breakfast because she________________.
A.she is not hungry in the morningB.she doesn’t like waffles
C.she is in terrible health conditionD.she just likes a few bites
【小题3】What happens if she forces herself to eat some food for lunch?
A.She will throw it up later.B.It will build up her strength
C.She will eventually miss schoolD.It will make her work better.
【小题4】The underlined sentence: “I shrug noncommittally” most probably means ______________.
A.the author is board with her MomB.the author gives no clear answer
C.the author has already considered itD.the author is indifferent about the issue
【小题5】The exchange of greetings have become vital for the author and her mom because _______.
A.she want to be normalB.they disagree with each other
C.she is running out of timeD.there is a generation gap between them
【小题6】What adjectives can we use to describe the author?
A.polite but stupidB.hardworking and successful
C.popular but stubbornD.understanding and considerate

Hello! We are identical twin sisters. We started this blog because so many people are interested in twins. It appears that people never get tired of hearing about us! The news is full of stories about twins. We collect these stories and post them on our blog. We hope you will find them interesting!

Debbie and Lisa are identical twins. They are also successful businesswomen. In 1994, they opened a restaurant in New York City called Twins. All of the servers in the restaurant were identical twins. They always worked the same hours. If one of the twins was ill, the other one had to stay home, too. If one twin quit, the other twin also had to leave. Many of the restaurant’s customers were also twins. Twins all over the world heard about the restaurant and wanted to visit it. Ruth Reichl, a famous restaurant writer, wrote about the restaurant in The New York Times in 1995.

The restaurant is closed now, but Debbie and Lisa have another successful business. They own a talent agency. The agency specializes in twins. They find work for twins in movies, television commercials, advertisements, and reality shows. Child actors who are twins have a special advantage. There are laws to protect children who work. As a result, most child actors can work for only a few hours a day. But child actors who are twins can share one job. This doubles the work that they can complete in one day. Mary Kate and Ashley Olsen are a very famous example of this. At just nine months old, they began to play one character on the popular television show Full House.

【小题1】Why was the blog started?
A.To attract people’s attention on twins.B.To share the bloggers’ interesting life.
C.To meet people’s curiosity about twins.D.To provide twins with job opportunites.
【小题2】What do we know about the restaurant started by Debbie and Lisa?
A.It is still popular nowadays.B.It had strict rules for the servers.
C.It only served identical twins.D.It was started to help the needy twins.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “This” in the text refer to?
A.Sharing one job.B.Employing twins.
C.Working in the studio.D.Protecting child actors.
【小题4】What is the best title of the text?
A.Twins in the NewsB.Jobs for Twins
C.An Amazing RestaurantD.Miracles about Twins

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