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Success and Risk(风险) in Extreme Sports

What is it that drives some to take extreme risks,while the rest of us hurry for the safety of the sidelines?

Lester Keller, sports-psychology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling(天花板) that limits our interest for extreme risk. But others have a much greater interest for risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told Keller that the great risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself. He said he would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight more.

Psychologists note that some people seem to be crazy for adrenaline(肾上腺素) rushes as a behavior looking for excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Cook’s interest for risk appeared at a young age, “ was a gymnast,” she said. “I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were upside down”.   As she started doing harder tricks, she was drawn to the challenge. “There are moments when you’re up there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in the world.”

Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. “To me, that just seems like the height of risk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared for years.” Murphy said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. “We look at a risky situation and know that if we were in that situation we would be out of control. But from the athletes’ view, they have a lot of control, and there are many things that they do to minimize(最小化) risk.”

Another understanding of risk may be something referred to as “the flow”,   a state in which many athletes become concentrated on the acts that focus the mind completely on the present. “Something that makes you try doing a tougher climb than usual, perhaps is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what you’re doing,” Murphy says. “After it’s over, there’s great excitement.”

People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventures that others consider extreme. “I can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around, because that’s my skill level,” Murphy says. “But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.”

【小题1】By using the term “natural ceiling” in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that       .
A.extreme athletes must learn special skills
B.extreme athletes have chances to take risks.
C.many people don’t want to do extreme sports.
D.many people can’t limit desire for extreme sports.
【小题2】What does Shane Murphy think about the mountain climbers he mentions?
A.They put in lots of preparation for challenges.
B.They are more fortunate than other sportspeople.
C.They carry little risk when facing big challenges.
D.They have special reasons that others can’t easily understand.
【小题3】What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us?
A.Extreme athletes use techniques or skills that other people don’t use.
B.Non-athletes are probably wise not to try extreme sports.
C.Most people can’t concentrate on bigger risks.
D.A certain state of mind makes people want to try something difficult.
【小题4】We can learn from the passage that       .
A.risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoid
B.those who take risks will possibly be successful in life
C.extreme athletes are driven by a need to be better than others
D.taking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people think
22-23高一上·吉林长春·期中
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A surfskate board, which originated in the United States, is a type of skateboard that uses a specially-designed front truck to give riders the feeling of surfing on land. As riders shift weight between the heelside and topside, the special front truck turns the board sharply and helps produce momentum(冲力), pushing riders forward and changing directions.

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“You can see an increasing number of people practicing surfskating at almost all ages in a wide space inside the community I live in.” said Beijing resident Ma Yuan. “I knew about surfskating from social media and decided to give it a try. It was easier than I thought. In addition, surfskating requires a lot less equipment compared with many other sports. I can start skating at a random(任意的) place and all I need is a board. Above all, it helps me lose weight and reduce work and life pressure.”

【小题1】How do the surfskaters ride the surfskate board?
A.By using wind power.
B.By pushing riders forward by someone else.
C.By using a specially designed remote device to control it.
D.By changing weight between the heelside and topside and producing force.
【小题2】What do we know about surfskating?
A.Surfskating has its origin in the United Nations.
B.Surfskating has gained popularity just among the youth.
C.Surfskating has more viewers on ”xiaohongshu“ than other platforms.
D.Surfskating gives riders the feeling of surfing on land as well as other benefits.
【小题3】What’s Ma’s attitude towards surfskating?
A.IndifferentB.SupportiveC.ObjectiveD.Negative
【小题4】Which of following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Surfing on land gains ground.
B.Surfskating originated in the USA.
C.How to operate a skateboard.
D.Surfskating for health.

Boxing has been practiced for centuries— it was even one of the sports in the original Olympic Games in ancient Greece. 【小题1】 Hundreds of thousands of people from all walks of life participate in the sport every week. But why? The answer lies in the physical, mental and even social benefits boxing can bring.

Its physical benefits are clear. Whether it’s practicing with a punching (拳打) bag, training with a partner or facing an opponent in the ring, boxing can be an intense form of exercise and give a full- body workout. 【小题2】 And it can also increase anaerobic (无氧的) fitness— allowing someone to work out harder, for longer. These can, in turn, positively impact other aspects of physical well- being, like heart health and weight management.

【小题3】 Boxing can also positively impact someone’s mental well- being. Dr Jessica Pinchbeck, Senior Lecturer in Sport and Fitness at the Open University, says that boxing can relieve some of the symptoms (症状) of anxiety and depression. Exercising regularly is already widely known to be good for mental health, but boxing can also bring a sense of discipline and focus.

And there is a third benefit to putting on the boxing gloves. Practicing punches can be done alone, of course. 【小题4】 It also involves working with others to train and stay safe. Dr Gavin Williams, Senior Lecturer in Education at the Open University, says that this cooperation and team work can create a sense of identity and belonging. 【小题5】

A.It can improve muscular strength.
B.But boxing is not just an individual activity.
C.So the interactive elements bring social benefits.
D.So boxing also strengthens a sense of community.
E.More recently, boxing has become the mainstream in the UK.
F.But the high physical demands of the sport aren’t just good for the body.
G.It promotes self- defense skills, helping build confidence to protect oneself.

Physical education, or gym class, isn’t required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn’t offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly “yes”.

Today many people don’t do sports. But as is known to all, doing sports is very important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult.

High school isn’t that easy. Many students are under a lot of stress. Stress can be harmful to a student’s studies and life. Doing sports can help them deal with stress better, helping them live a happier life at school.

The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens suffer from obesity (肥胖症). Teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity per day to control their weight and to help their bones get stronger. However, some activities such as video games and computer activities, don’t get teens to move around. The increase in such activities means that many teens don’t get their required exercise. Physical education classes act as a public health measure to encourage activity and help teens have healthy weights.

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According to the President’s Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition (PCFSN), students who performed five hours of physical activity each week improved their academic (学业的) performance. Students from programs with no physical activity, who used the extra time for classroom study, did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education.

【小题1】According to Paragraph 3, what does physical education in high school mean?
A.Helping teens learn to make good plans.
B.Getting teens to encourage adults to exercise.
C.Removing the stress faced by teens at school.
D.Making teens pay more attention to exercise later.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “hindered” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.Applied.B.Prevented.
C.Designed.D.Preferred.
【小题3】According to the PCFSN, doing sports ______.
A.helps students do better in their studies
B.helps students keep fit
C.helps students make good use of all their time
D.makes students choose between sports and studies
【小题4】What is the text mainly about?
A.How high school students can live a better life.
B.How schools can help students love doing studies.
C.Why some schools consider physical education important.
D.Why high school students should receive physical education.

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