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In the classic episode (剧集) of the Simpsons, Homer’s class reunion ends in shame when one of Homer’s guilty secrets is exposed: he never graduated from high school. To get his diploma, he must pass a science test. As he sits down to retake the exam, he holds one of his trademark dialogues with his brain. “All right, brain. You don’t like me and I don’t like you. But let’s just do this and I can get back to killing you with beer.”

Many a true word is spoken as a joke. Homer Simpson’s Everyman character really is an Everyman. For most people, engaging in the kind of effortful thinking that is required to pass a science test feels too much like hard work. It is so much easier to quit and let the brain’s autopilot take over.

And no wonder. Evolution has blessed the brain with all kinds of mental shortcuts that make life manageable. If we had to think about every action or weigh up every decision, we would break down. As a result, certain ideas and modes of thinking come naturally to us, such effortless thinking.

But at huge lost. Our mental shortcuts work fine at the level of individuals and small-scale societies, but in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world, they are a danger to society. Effortless thinking is at the root of many of the modern world’s most serious problems: terrorism, hatred, inequality and religious extremism. All are caused by people disengaging their critical thinking and going with their gut (非理性的) feeling.

Everybody is capable of gut feeling, but also of the critical thinking. Both thinking styles are needed to make the world go round. Unfortunately, the latter requires training that is unavailable or unappealing to many people.

One of the bright spots in 2017 was the start of a movement called the March For Science. Those who believe in the power of science need to keep on marching, or give more power to people who don’t much like their own brains - or other people’s.

【小题1】What does the author want to convey through Homer’s story?
A.Homer’s thinking is nothing but a joke.
B.Most people hate effortful thinking like Homer.
C.High school seniors should work hard.
D.Science is essential for all high school seniors.
【小题2】How do you read between the lines of the underlined sentence according the passage?
A.Most people prefer to kill their brain cells by drinking beer as Homer.
B.Most people don’t want to bother themselves about scientific tests.
C.Most people would find it much easier to engage in effortful thinking.
D.Most people like Simpson’s ordinary character are willing to think simple.
【小题3】What dose the author think of critical thinking?
A.It makes the world go round.
B.It needs necessary training.
C.It works fine at the level of personal affairs.
D.It leads to the March For Science in 2017.
【小题4】What is the best title for the text?
A.Critical Thinking Is Urgently Needed.
B.Effortless Thinking Is Out of Date.
C.We Need to March Towards Science.
D.Thinking Contributes to Social Problems.
22-23高三上·江苏宿迁·阶段练习
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To the untrained eye, a ping-pong ball is just a ping-pong ball. To a Beverly Cleary fan, it's two motorcycle helmets(头盔)for mice. Just cut apart and add rubber band chin straps. Ever since I read Cleary's series about Ralph, the motorcycle-riding mouse, I've never looked at a ping-pong ball—or the world—the same way. And why shouldn't it be? It's perfect.

I wanted a mouse of my own to ride a toy motorcycle around my house! Thanks to Cleary's genius, a talking mouse friend seemed not only possible but probable.

Cleary, who passed away at 104, was one of the main reasons why I became a children's author. While much of children's literature attempted to explain the world from the point of view of a wise and gentle adult, Cleary created main characters who saw the world as only children can. I carefully read every title that bore Beverly Cleary's name. She seemed like a friend who understood me in ways I didn't yet understand myself.

I've written eight children's books and have always kept Beverly's sense of wonder in mind. I don't remember at exactly what age I decided I wanted to write books, but I know that in the second or third grade, my teacher assigned a project that allowed us to focus on whatever we wanted. My best friend picked dolphins while I chose children's authors. I told that story recently to a school group. One of the students said, "That's amazing! You did your project on children's authors and then you became one!" "Yes," I said.

And that perfectly sums up why I love writing for children: the lack of cynicism(愤世嫉俗), the belief that fantastic, magical things can happen. Best friends can become dolphins. Mice can ride toy motorcycles and become our friends.

That's what Beverly Cleary taught me. In the hands of a gifted storyteller, anything is possible…and very funny.

【小题1】Why does the author use a ping-pong ball as an example?
A.To say the ball is their favorite for mice.
B.To express his thoughts about the topic.
C.To describe how mice ride the motorbike.
D.To stress the importance of reading stories.
【小题2】Who is Beverly Cleary?
A.The author's favourite writer.B.The author's grandmother.
C.The author's teacher.D.The author's fan.
【小题3】What do we know about the author from paragraph 4?
A.He took Cleary's sense of mind seriously.
B.He decided to help his teacher finish the project.
C.He has published several books on animals for children.
D.He clearly remembered when he wanted to write books.
【小题4】What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?
A.The author's talent for telling a story.
B.The author's strong belief about magic.
C.The author's reasons for writing for children.
D.The author's interest in playing with dolphins.

When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.” or “I know I’m late,but it’s not my fault; the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault,but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation,you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.

Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague(同事) causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on the person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well.

This is what being a winner is all about—creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on “whose fault it is.” Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stop on for success.

【小题1】According to the passage, winners       .
A.deal with problems rather than blame others
B.meet with fewer difficulties in their lives
C.have responsible and able colleagues
D.blame themselves rather that others
【小题2】The underlined word “remedy” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to       .
A.avoidB.accept
C.improveD.consider
【小题3】When your colleague brings about a problem, you should       .
A.find a better way to handle the problem
B.blame him for his lack of responsibility
C.tell him to find the cause of the problem
D.ask a more able colleague for help
【小题4】Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.A Winner’s Problem
B.A Winner’s Secret
C.A Winner’s Opportunity
D.A Winner’s Achievement

Have you heard an old saying “The grass looks greeener on the other side of the fence”? It means other places often look better, more interesting than the place where you live. “Let’s go to KFC for dinner and then watch some Japanese cartoons!” We all know it: more and more Chinese kids love American and Japanese food and movies. Some people worry that young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring (忽视) Chinese culture and, instead, buying Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and even celebrating Western holidays.

Foreign books and soap operas are good, but Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that Spring Festival has, and the West has nothing to compare with the Mid-Autumn Festival. China has lots of cool things in its culture: calligraphy, Bejing Opera, quick meals on the streets, and even Jay Chou! And let’s not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best: its friendliness. Not all countries are as warm as China.

It’s good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them, but they can never replace your own culture. It’s good to look on the other side of the fence, but make sure you take a good long book. You will find that the grass isn’t always greener.

Although some people become worried about that, I don’t think they should. Will we get more powerful without learning from other countries? Will Chinese people live more happily without American fast food? Besides, it’s fun to learn about different cultures. Chinese kids can learn about other cultures and have fun, but they also need to learn more about their own culture. Be proud of Chinese culture and of being Chinese!

【小题1】According to the passage, some young Chinese       .
A.are foolish in learning our own cultureB.are ignoring our own culture
C.are interested in our own cultureD.are hating our own culture
【小题2】In some young Chinese’s eyes, which of the following is not the “greener grass”?
A.Japanese cartoon books.B.Korean soap operas.
C.Christmas.D.Calligraphy.
【小题3】What is the best title for the passage?
A.More colorful Chinese cultureB.Too simple are young Chinese
C.That grass is not always greenerD.Interesting western culture

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