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There’s no doubt that language in all its richness — written,spoken,sung or read aloud — plays a crucial role in our early development. It has become increasingly common to begin teaching children literacy(读写能力)skills at an early age. The thinking often goes that starting early gives children more time to learn and get ahead.

However,many studies show little benefit from an early overly-academic environment. Children who attend academically focused preschools do not have higher academic abilities in later grades than those who did not,several studies now show. Too much academic pressure may even cause problems in the long run. A study published in January 2022 suggested those who attended preschools with a strong academic emphasis,showed lower academic achievements a few years later,compared to those who didn’t.

Anna Cunningham,a senior lecturer in psychology at Nottingham Trent University who studies early literacy,argues that if a setting is too academically focused early on,it can cause the teachers to become stressed over tests and results,which can in turn affect the kids. “Academic requirements early on don’t end up being meaningful. Children end up memorizing rather than understanding context,”adds Anna.

In many countries,formal schooling starts at 4. But not everyone favors an early start. In Finland,often known as the country with one of the best education systems in the world,children begin school at seven. Despite a later start,Finnish students score higher in reading comprehension than students from the UK at age 15. Besides,the Finnish kindergarten years are filled with more play and no formal academic instruction.

Research also found that later readers catch up — even are slightly better than the early readers in comprehension abilities. Learning later allows children to more efficiently match their knowledge of the world to the words they learn. So our craze with early literacy appears to be somewhat unfounded.

【小题1】What might supporters for an early start agree with?
A.Early start gives an advantage.
B.Early reading makes perfect kids.
C.Children are more sensitive to language.
D.Literacy skills are good for early development.
【小题2】What might Anna Cunningham suggest?
A.Memorizing textbooks.
B.Knowing more than the surface.
C.Focusing on test results.
D.Reading aloud in the morning.
【小题3】Why does the author mention the education in Finland in paragraph 4?
A.To praise Finland’s education.
B.To criticize the UK’s education.
C.To show a way to improve reading.
D.To prove the benefit of a later start.
【小题4】Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Later readers — Harder to catch up
B.Earlier readers — Not necessarily better
C.No rush — The later to begin,the better
D.Learning to read — The secret to getting ahead
22-23高三上·广东佛山·开学考试
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The latest photo taken at China’s well-known Tsinghua University became a hit, where a student was seen using his laptop while riding on a bike. The moral of the story is that wasting time on things like commuting between university facilities becomes unacceptable, since the pressure to graduate top of the class is so intense.

Into the real world, working extra hours is a common practice of China’s most brilliant figures in technology. In finite overtime, premature balding (秃顶) and hospital admissions are all but part of standard professional life for the nation’s brightest. Similarly, blue-collar workers don’t have it easier. Food delivery riders are reportedly trapped by an algorithm (算法) that automatically works out the best delivery time for app users, and never minds if the workers are at the risk of road accidents.

People are wondering whether all this hard work really makes life better. Actually, it may well be making things harder for everyone, but there doesn’t seem to be a way out. A popular sense of being stuck in an ever so exhausting rat race where everyone loses has given rise to a new buzzword: neijuan (involution). The Chinese word, neijuan, is made up of the characters for “inside” and “rolling”, and is understood as something that spirals in on itself, a process that traps participants who know they won’t benefit from it.

“From a sociological point of view, involution is unavoidable because of society’s structural shifts,” said Yan Fei, a professor of sociology at Tsinghua University, “One big question for the middle class is how to remain in the middle class. Meanwhile, the lower class still hopes to change their fate. But the middle and upper classes aren’t so much looking upward, and they are marked by a deep fear of falling downward. Their greater fear is perhaps losing what they already have,” he explained.

【小题1】Why is the photo of a student in Tsinghua University mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A.To clarify the writing purpose.
B.To present an argument.
C.To introduce the topic of the passage.
D.To describe a character.
【小题2】What can we learn from the passage?
A.I’s common to work overtime in the real world.
B.Neijuan reflects the fierce competition in China.
C.Food delivery riders benefit a lot from the apps.
D.People live a better life due to their great efforts.
【小题3】What can be inferred from what Yan Fei said in the last paragraph?
A.The lower class suffers a deep fear of falling downward.
B.The middle class tries to be a member of the upper class.
C.The greatest fear of every class is to lose what they already have.
D.Involution is inescapable in the development of society for each class.
【小题4】From which column of the newspaper can the passage be taken?
A.Society.B.Economy.C.Entertainment.D.Tourism.

Billions will be spent trying to deal with a bargain (便宜货) in the approach to Christmas. But as close attention turns to whether or not the deals on offer are really cheep, instead of marketing tricks, spare a thought for the thousands of extra deliveries that will be made and the resulting crowding and blockage, CO2 emissions (释放), and stress that this shopping holiday creates.

Demand for more drivers highlights the highly seasonal nature of shopping, with similar increases on Mother’s Day, Valentine’s Day and the run up to Christmas. Although the industry is constantly learning from past mistakes to better serve customers, it ignores extremely important energy, ability to move around and health issues. Behind the scenes, the basic equipment that makes all this online shopping possible is huge—the extra delivery vans (货车) add to already crowded and blocked roads, and drivers suffer from stress and tiredness. Seasonal shopping events like Black Friday harm people and the planet.

One medium-sized business in London recently told us that roughly 75% of the goods received by its front desk in the run up to Christmas were personal packages. Extremely importantly, in a hub-and-spoke (辐射状的) model, not only do these packages arrive from different vans travelling long distances from different warehouses (仓库), but delivery results in travelling on some of the most precious, crowded and blocked and polluted streets in London—simply to service online shopping preferences.

At this early stage of the next evolution of shopping, it is important that we consider the benefits and broader societal costs of different shopping and delivery options. Or else we will risk fighting with our responsibilities to cut carbon and improve air quality in cities.

【小题1】What can we know about the result of extra holiday delivery?
A.It creates less pleasure.B.It makes people crowd in the shops.
C.It produces more CO2 emissions.D.It makes the drivers earn more money.
【小题2】What can we infer about the drivers in Paragraph 2?
A.They harm the people and the planet.
B.They feel tired during the holiday shopping delivery.
C.They lead to crowded and blocked roads.
D.They are needed less on Mother’s Day.
【小题3】Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “highlights”?
A.challenges.B.declares.
C.recommendsD.emphasizes.
【小题4】What is the text mainly about?
A.The benefits of holiday shopping.
B.The concerns about the holiday shopping delivery.
C.The stress and tiredness caused by the holiday shopping.
D.The holiday shopping’s influence on society and environment.

For young people with autism(自闭症),growing into adulthood can have its own challenges. But students at the non-profit educational program Exceptional Minds prove that autism can also mean special talents.

Madeline Petti is an example of how Exceptional Minds helps students with autism seek and reach their full potential. "I want the world to know that I like designing things and Exceptional Minds is a great place for me. ” Madeline is part of a new wave of digital effects artists. She is a young, talented student who has autism. She is learning all about the entertainment industry with Exceptional Minds, which provides vocational(职业的) training for young adults with autism.

Madeline has played video games since the 4th grade. She has also always loved watching animated(动画的) shows. But she said she had a torturous time learning in traditional settings. “I get bored easily when I’m just sitting there and people are talking around me. I’m not really personally devoted to the material. When you are not personally devoted, you have to force yourself to stay in the moment and pay attention. If you don’t have the motivation to force yourself, you are pretty much going off into your personal La La Land. ”

Exceptional Minds provided the right kind of learning environment for Madeline. More action, less talking. She said, “I like coming here because it’s so hands-on. We get shown examples or we will follow along with the directions. I guess we are doing more. ”

Ernie Merlan is an EM program director. He said, “The heart of our program is a full time three-year vocational program specifically for the entertainment industry. The program teaches the students not only the technical skills they need but the work readiness skills they need in order to get a job. So we focus on how they look and what their attitude is, and then work place conflict which we all have. ”

【小题1】What can be known about Madeline Petti?
A.She suffers from game addiction.B.She has a talent for digital effects.
C.She is working in a local industry.D.She dislikes designing things now.
【小题2】What does the underlined word "torturous" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Hard.B.Normal.
C.Long.D.Devoted.
【小题3】How is Exceptional Minds different from traditional programs?
A.It is about entertainment.B.It focuses more on action.
C.It is designed for children.D.It is aimed at active talks.
【小题4】Why are Ernie Merlan’s words mentioned?
A.To show the benefits of his job.B.To tell the program’s challenges.
C.To further introduce the program.D.To stress the influence of attitude.

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