Castles (城堡) and temples wear away after hundreds of years, but the symbols and words on the stone often survive. 【小题1】. E-books came from the development of science and technology and can be read online. Many people believe that regular books will be one day replaced by e-books.

Books and e-books share lots of similarities. They are both items created by great minds. 【小题2】. You can draw lines or highlight some details on books or e-books as notes. The notes can be kept for a long time.

【小题3】. Firstly, books don’t have to be charged, while e-books need electricity if we want to read them. Meanwhile, spending too much time reading e-books may do harm to our eyes. Moreover, e-books don’t share the same weight when held in the hand as regular books, nor do they give that sense of fulfillment that comes from finishing a thick book. However, e-book devices are easy to carry. 【小题4】.

A disadvantage of e-book devices is that people tend to get distracted (分心的) when they’re using one, as many devices often have apps or games on them. 【小题5】.

Whichever you prefer, both books and e-books are just a way to help us gain knowledge and get to know other people’s experiences. They are both necessary, so it’s too early to say which one will disappear.

Scared of needles? Then you might be interested in a new injection-free (免注射) way of taking the COVID-19 vaccine. By simply inhaling (吸气), your invisible shield against corona-virus is formed. It’s as simple as sipping your favorite bubble tea!

The new dose is an aerosolized (雾化的) version of the current COVID-19 vaccine. In other words, the only difference between the new vaccine and the current one is the way the drug is delivered. China’s CanSino Biologics, the company that produces the aerosolized vaccine, said on Sept 4 that it has been permitted for emergency use by the country’s top drug regulator (药物监管机构). It is the first aerosolized vaccine to be approved for public use in China. The vaccine will be used as a booster (加强针) only, according to the company.

An aerosolized COVID-19 vaccine is not only easy to administer (给与药物), but it also offers protection in a unique way, said experts. Sunney Xie Xiaoliang, a biophysical chemist at Peking University and academician of the Chinese Academy of Science, said during a recent forum in Beijing that aerosolized vaccine could be an effective way to protect against respiratory (呼吸道的) diseases in the future. Corona-viruses usually enter the human body through the nose and mouth. Delivering vaccine this way can increase immune responses at the location where viruses enter, according to Xie.

A recent study published in August revealed more advantages. It showed that when given as a booster, the aerosolized vaccine stimulate a stronger antibody response than an injection would. It thus claimed that aerosolized vaccine may be a valuable addition to the existing vaccines.

Marty Moore, co-founder of Meissa Vaccines in Califormia, US told Nature that the approval of the aerosolized vaccine in China confirmed the need for vaccines delivered through the mouth and nose. “That’s the direction we need to go globally, and the United States needs to catch up,” Moore said.

Sometimes it’s the simplest medical inventions that save millions of lives. Meet inventors Jane Chen and Rajan Patel, and their invention—the Hug baby warmer.

Every year 20 million babies are born premature (早产的). They struggle to survive because they can’t regulate (调节) their body temperature and they don’t have enough fat on their tiny bodies to keep warm. Approximately 14% of babies born are considered low birth weight, but these babies account for 60% - 80% of neonatal (新生的) deaths.

The solution is to keep premature babies warm, but an incubator (保温箱) costs $ 20,000 and requires electricity which is difficult to find in developing countries, particularly in rural areas.

Parents take extreme solutions to keep their babies warm. They attach hot water bottles to them or place them under light bulbs, which is not only unsafe but futile. As a result, 4 million premature babies die each year. Two- thirds of deaths occur in ten countries and 40% of those occur in India, Those who survive suffer from severe long term health problems (diabetes, heart disease, mental dysfunction)because                    they’re battling hypothermia (低体温症) instead of growing.

To solve this problem, Jane and Rajan, graduates of Stanford University, created a portable and reusable infant incubator that requires no electricity and costs less than thirty dollars. It is safe and easy to use. It has no moving parts and can be easily cleaned. It looks like a tiny sleeping bag but its design is very clever.

It has a bag that contains a special material that gives off heat throughout the insulation (绝缘) at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius (98 F)—the temperature critical for the child’s survival. The bag is removed from the insulated blanket and activated by placing it in hot water for 15 minutes. It’s then placed into the blanket. The special material maintains a constant temperature for 4 hours by absorbing heat if the baby gets too hot, and giving heat if the baby gets too cold.