Many Greek philosophers were at the same time scientists. Thus Plato was a mathematician and Aristotle contributed to zoology. Aristotle, indeed, started methodical research, patiently 【小题1】 (collect) material and laying 【小题2】 (mass) foundations (基础) for modern science. Before Plato and Aristotle, there had been scientist-philosophers. After them, Greek science made further advances. Two men may be mentioned for 【小题3】 they did to push science forward. Both lived in the 3^rd century B.C.

Euclid is even now well-known for his Elemerits, a textbook of geometry (几何学) , perhaps the most successful textbook ever 【小题4】 (write), because it was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20^th century.

Archimedes did important work not only in geometry, but also in arithmetic(算术), mechanic and hydro-static (静水力学). He discovered that when 【小题5】 body is immersed in water, its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced (排水). He invented machines which greatly helped his native city against the Romans. 【小题6】 (illustrate) the principle of the lever (杠杆), he is said to tell the king: “Give me a place to stand, and I 【小题7】 (move) the world.”

Greek science did not neglect 【小题8】 (apply). Mathematics, the purest of science was applied in at least five fields. Greek scientists collected a wealth of material and tried to find the proper method of doing scientific work. As a result, they were able to deduce (推断) theories and built up systems, 【小题9】 had a great influence on later scientists.

【小题10】 they failed to create conditions for the continuous growth of science. It is there that great changes began in the 17^th and 18^th centuries and it is this that set off modern from ancient science.

At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84-year-old Chinese woman talked about the life-saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered 【小题1】 the help of her team in the 1970s. The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist 【小题2】(award) a Nobel Prize for her work. 

Tu Youyou 【小题3】(study) medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from 【小题4】 she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices. 

In 1969, Tu Youyou 【小题5】(choose) to establish a team to find a cure for malaria which killed 【小题6】(million) of people every year. Across the world, scientists had been trying to find a cure. They tested more than 240,000 chemicals with no success. However, Tu Youyou had 【小题7】 idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret. She researched hundreds of traditional recipes 【小题8】(connect) to anti-malarial cures. Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one. They overcame many difficulties and at last Tu Youyou 【小题9】(brave) volunteered to be the first human subject and the test was a success. The medicine they discovered has now become the 【小题10】(effective) drug for fighting malaria in the world.

A Long March-5 rocket, 【小题1】 (carry) the Chang’e-5 spacecraft, takes off from the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site on the coast of southern island province of Hainan on November 24,2020.

China’s Chang’e-5 probe( 探 测 器 ) decelerated and entered the lunar orbit on Saturday, 【小题2】completed a vital step on its way to collect and return moon samples, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) 【小题3】(announce).

After flying about 112 hours from Earth, 【小题4】 engine on the probe ignited (点火) when it was 400 km away from the surface 【小题5】 the moon at 8:58 p.m. and shut down after about 17 minutes, the CNSA said.

The probe performed the braking without incident and entered the lunar orbit 【小题6】(successful ) according to the real-time monitoring data.

Chang’e-5 , which 【小题7】 (make) up of an orbiter, a lander, an ascender(上升器 ), and a returner, has carried out two orbital 【小题8】(correction) during the Earth-Moon transfer, achieving its 【小题9】 (expect) goals.

Afterward, it will adjust the altitude and inclination (倾斜度) of its orbit around the moon. When the time is appropriate, it will land softly on the near side of the moon 【小题10】(collect ) and return samples from the moon as planned.