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In 2002, an Australian man went to his friend’s 2lst birthday party. He got drunk, tripped on some steps and cut his lip. He took a picture of his injuries and shared it with his friends on an online forum. “And sorry about the focus,” he wrote, “it was a selfie.” That was the first recorded use of the world “selfie”. Word of the Year for 2013, in honour of the term that had taken over the world thanks to millions of smart phone self-portraits and the resulting shares on social media.

So what does the choice of the word say about our culture? Mary Elizabeth Williams, writing in Salon magazine, says the word reminds us that contemporary culture is defined by our narcissism (自恋). Megan Jackson from a local newspaper points out a selfie may only focus on appearance.

Selfies invite judgment based on appearance alone. What kind of cultural influence does this have on women? Erin Gloria Ryun on Jezebel says selfies teach young woman to obsess over their appearance and judge themselves on the basis of beauty rather than accomplishments. “They’re a reflection of the way we teach girls to see themselves as decorative,” said Ryun.

In Slate magazine, Rachel Simmons has the opposite view. She argues that selfies are an example of young women promoting themselves and taking control of their own self-presentation. Think of each one, she says, as “a tiny pulse of girl pride—a shout-out to the self”.

【小题1】Which of the following is TRUE about the first use of “selfie”?
A.An Australian man created it to celebrate his friend’s 21st birthday.
B.It was created by chance when a drunken man shared his photo online.
C.The Oxford Dictionary gave it credit for the creation of smart phone.
D.The social media were so advanced that they made the word transmitted.
【小题2】Who holds a positive opinion towards selfie in the life of women?
A.Mary Elizabeth.B.Megan Jackson.
C.Erin Gloria Ryun.D.Rachel Simmons.
【小题3】The text is mainly concerned with________.
A.the introduction of the word “selfie”B.the choice of the word “selfie”
C.the history of the word “selfie”D.the characteristics of the word “selfie”
21-22高一上·上海·期中
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If someone were to ask me what it is like to be a student in today’s society, I would probably answer: Being a student in today s society is not always easy.

Adults often tell us that we don’t know what stress is. But we have our own levels of stress. Many students in their high school years start their part-time job, so now you have school in the mornings, followed by responsibilities needing to be taken care of at home and then you’re off to work. By the time you are done there, you are too tired to finish your school work, but you stay up late to try and return to school feeling sleepy the next day. What good is that?

My point is, it is a whole lot more stressful to be a student in high school than adults believe. Our “stress” may not include paying bills or taking care of a family, but I’m sure if the adults in our lives could go back to school today, they would be surprised at how much it has changed.

I don’t want you to think for a minute that there aren’t good moments and memories while we are students at school. My mom always tells me to enjoy it while I can. I know that the world outside of school is often hard and that the responsibilities are serious. That’s exactly why I know that the focus I give to my future is important in leading me to a career that will allow me to contribute to society.

【小题1】What is the text mainly about?
A.The stressful life of high school students.B.The way of dealing with stress of study.
C.The role of students in today’s society.D.The differences between teenagers’ and adults’ life.
【小题2】What does the author think of students’ working part-time?
A.He thinks it does them good.B.He feels disappointed at it.
C.He thinks it is worth a try.D.He is favor of it.
【小题3】What can be inferred from paragraph 3?
A.Adults are more stressful than students.
B.Adults have not fully understood students’ stress.
C.Adults should help students to deal with stress.
D.Adults should go back to school to experience students’ life.
【小题4】What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.Stress.B.Study.C.School life.D.Future career.

Nowadays, more stores and restaurants are not accepting cash as payment. Instead, customers must pay with a credit card, or by smartphone app.

Many business owners say that being cashless has helped them streamline the way their business runs. Staff members don't have to worry about having enough money in the cash register to make change or about taking bills and coins to the bank.

However, according to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, more than 8 million households in the United States don't have bank accounts. Also, many people, including kids, don't meet the requirements for a credit card.

“A cashless economy is not an inclusive economy. There are consumers who can't get a credit card, because of low income. When stores refuse to accept cash, they exclude low-income or homeless people,” says Tazra Mitchell, a policy director at the DC Fiscal Policy Institute.

Plus, people who do have credit cards might prefer to pay in cash. “Cash is used by almost eight in 10 people in the US every month. That's more than any other payment type,” says Nick Bourke, a director at the Pew Charitable Trusts' consumer finance project.

Lawmakers in several places have taken steps to ban cashless stores. A handful of major cities — including New. York City and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania — have already passed laws to address the problem. In San Francisco, California, a law banning cashless stores was passed last May. It says most stores in the city must allow customers to pay with cash. Derek Remski helped write the San Francisco law. Remski says, "It's about understanding that not everyone has equal access to things.

【小题1】What does the underlined word “streamline” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Record.B.Understand.C.Redevelop.D.Simplify
【小题2】What does Tazra Mitchell think of a cashless economy?
A.It is unfair to some people.B.It is enjoyed by bank workers.
C.It is advantageous to customers.D.It is the result of the marketplace.
【小题3】What can we learn from paragraph 5?
A.Cash payment is still very popular with consumers.
B.Cashless stores will be driven out of the market.
C.Stores should allow more than one payment type.
D.Paying with credit cards has its own disadvantages.
【小题4】What was some cities’ attitude towards going cashless?
A.They encouraged it.B.They fought against it.
C.They cared little about it.D.They were hopeful about it.

A new survey reviews that more than 60% of websites and apps intended for Canadian children may be collecting personal information and passing it on to a third party. The survey was completed by the Global Privacy Enforcement Network, which reviewed 1,494 websites and apps.

Focusing on trends among Canadian users, the sweep team reviewed 118 websites and apps targeted directly at children, as well as 54 that are known to be popular with and used by kids. The team’s findings showed that more than 50% of Canadian sites collect personal information from children, including names, addresses, phone numbers and photos, audio or video. In addition, 62% of sites admitted they may show that personal information to third parties. Another 62% allowed the user to be redirected to a different site, and only 28% of the sites and apps involved any form of parental control or protection.

A member of the team Tobi Cohen, outlined a few of the sites that did and did not live up to the standards of children’s privacy online. She praised both Family.ca and Lego.com for their message boards that did not allow users to post personal information, and noted that santasvillage. ca asked users to provide their full name and email address. Gamezhero.com was also singled out for allowing users to display personal information, including names, age, sex and locations. Pbskids.org, on the other hand, was praised for only offering generic, pre-set avatars (头像) and barring users form uploading personal photos.

The Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada refused to release a full list of the websites and apps reviewed. When asked what would be done with results, commissioner Daniel Therrien said that companies reviewed in the sweep would be kept informed of the findings. “It’s our usual practice after conducting a sweep to write a number of companies to point out the things that we’ve seen, to sometimes ask that things be changed, and on the whole the companies react positively to these requests.” Therrien added.

In an attempt to help kids better understand why their privacy matters, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada has created a lesson plan for kids in Grade 7 and 8 that explains the Global Privacy Enforcements Network and has kids conduct privacy reviews of their own.

“We know that companies are not the only ones responsible for the protection of kids’ privacy.” Therrien said. “Parents and teachers obviously have a role. We have a role, particularly in the area of increasing awareness of privacy issues among the public.”

Matthew Johnson, director of education at Media Smarts, said that the sweep’s results were sadly unsurprising. Media Smarts, an Ottawa-based non-profit digital literacy outfit intended to improve media literacy and empowering the youth to better engage with media, offers age-appropriate tips to parents concerned with keeping their kids safe online.

Johnson explained that in addition to educating themselves on the issue, the best thing parents could do to protect children’s privacy online is to educate kids on the importance of the function of their personal data. He mentioned an initiative by Media Smarts called Privacy Pirates, an online game that aims to teach kids at the age of seven to nine that all forms of personal information should be protected and added that their personal information has value and they should think twice before giving it out.

【小题1】We can conclude from the data mentioned in Paragraph 2 that ________.
A.parents must be to blame for letting out their kids’ privacy
B.the time that children spend on the Internet should be limited
C.more children have realized the importance of personal privacy
D.more attention should be paid to the protection of kids’ privacy
【小题2】What will most of the companies do when receiving a request from the sweep team?
A.They will help kids better understand why their privacy matters.
B.They will ask the team never to make their website public.
C.They will ask for further information about the research.
D.They will take some measures actively in response.
【小题3】Daniel Therrien seems to stress in Paragraph 6 that ________.
A.the team should develop a good relationship with the companies
B.the protection of kid’s privacy involves joint efforts from adults
C.the public is unaware of their role in protecting kids’ privacy
D.the sweep team’s work is worth nothing without parents’ help
【小题4】According to Johnson, parents should ________.
A.guide their kids to play online games
B.get kids to know the value of their privacy
C.set a good example to their kids in daily life
D.think twice before giving personal information out

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