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When you were at school, were you ever told to stop daydreaming and concentrate? It was easy for your mind to wander if you weren’t interested in what you were learning or if you had better things to think about. Staying focused can still be a challenge in adult life, but understanding how to do it, and knowing what is distracting you, can help.

Scientists have looked at what makes us delay and found a number of ways to help us stay in the zone. One of the most obvious things is removing noise. Research by Science Focus magazine found silence is best for concentration, or a gentle background hum and coffee shop noise is great! It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removes a major distraction and helps us focus on the task at hand.

Another possible cure for a short attention span is brain training. Psychologists and neuroscientists are increasingly interested in our ability to get down to it and have looked at what we can change inside our head to make us concentrate. An article for BBC Future by Caroline Williams says that “Attention Researcher NilliLavie of University College London has found that making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power and leaves the brain nothing left to process distractions.” So, keeping your mind busy might be the answer.

There are more practical tips to keeping your mind focused. These include making a list or timetable of the tasks you have to do, finding a workspace where you’re not tempted to do other things, or chewing some gum! It’s possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted.

But according to Science Focus magazine, distraction isn’t all bad. “If we were always so focused that we never got distracted, we’d miss potential changes, such as threats, in our environment. Distraction is vital for survival.”

【小题1】Which of the following distracts people easily according to the scientists?
A.Task.B.Science.C.Zone.D.Noise.
【小题2】What do we know according to Caroline Williams?
A.Attention is paid to his articles.B.Distraction is not easy to settle.
C.Challenging tasks make people concentrate.D.A noisy background helps cure distraction.
【小题3】What is the writer’s attitude toward distraction?
A.Dissatisfied.B.Objective.C.Subjective.D.Curious.
【小题4】What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Dealing with distraction.B.Ways distracting people.
C.Things interesting people.D.Learning skills.
2022·贵州贵阳·三模
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If you want to travel to a unique place to see some fall leaves, you might want to visit Mt. Koya in Japan. Koyasan is home to 117 temples(寺庙). In the fall, the Japanese maple (枫树) leaves turn deep red and orange colours. Among them are the 1,200-year-old temples and halls that were designed by Kobo Daishi, the founder of Shingon Buddhism.

Visitors to Koyasan can spend the night at a temple. For dinner there is traditional Buddhist food called shojin-ryori. In the evening you can enjoy the gardens or relax in the baths before bed. The rooms have the paper doors typical of traditional Japanese buildings, often with a garden view. If you wake up early, there is a morning prayer(祈祷) at 6 a.m. and anyone can join before heading to breakfast.

In the centre of the temples is a cemetery(墓地). As you walk on the path you’ll see a deep well. The legend says that if you can see your face clearly in the water, you will live a long life. Further on there is a special stone which they say is as heavy as your crimes. You can try to lift it with one hand to see how heavy it is!

As you pass through the cemetery you will see some small stone men wearing bibs(围裙) and hats to keep them warm in the cold air. These are called Jizo, and they stay between Earth and the afterworld. They protect travellers, pregnant women, and also young children and babies before birth, during life, and after death. The reason they wear red bibs is because of their connection with the pronunciation of baby in Japanese.

Some of the monks at the temples speak English, and there are English-speaking guides who do tours of the cemetery, so you can practise your English on your trip.

【小题1】What can visitors do in the temples of Koyasan?
A.Learn to make paper doors.B.Enjoy delicious Western food.
C.Take a bath in the garden.D.Join a morning prayer before breakfast.
【小题2】What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.The cemetery.B.The path.C.The stone.D.The crime.
【小题3】Why do the small stone men wear red bibs?
A.They protect people.B.They match the temples.
C.They keep visitors warmer.D.They are pronounced like “baby” in Japanese.
【小题4】What does the text mainly talk about?
A.Temple travel on Mt. Koya.B.Travelling in Japan.
C.Speaking English with monks.D.The development of tourism in Japan.

Being in green spaces and connecting with nature is good for your physical and mental health. In Japanese natural healing, forest bathing has been used to decrease stress, anxiety, and even to treat mild depression. Now, scientists have discovered that blue spaces — natural waterways — are also connected to better mental health. A population-based study found that approach to water increased positive feelings of wellbeing.

Being near water gives people a sense of awe, because it gives people a consciousness of something greater than themselves. The sounds and movement of water gets people to focus their attention — like meditation — and this invites calm, You do not have to go to the coast to experience this well-being. Any waterway will do, including lakes, rivers, canals, or ponds. Even a flowing fountain will work.

The study also found that urban waterways were superior to feelings of well-being than just being near the ocean. Canals and rivers contain not only water but also an abundance of trees and plants, which means their capacity to improvement al well-being is likely to be due to the multiple benefits associated with both green and blue spaces.

Canals and rivers also provide homes to a range of wildlife, and we know that there is a notable association between encountering wildlife and mental well-being. Taken collectively, these findings provide an evidence base for what we thought about water and well-being.

These results are very exciting for urban citizens who have access to rivers and canals. The study also found that there were continuous improvements to mental well-being for up to 24 hours after visiting urban waterways. This is all good news. The availability of spaces to be in nature — both green and blue — will help calm their anxiety, stress, and help boost mental health.

【小题1】Why does the author mention green spaces in paragraph 1?
A.To introduce the topic about blue spaces.
B.To tell the great benefits of forest bathing.
C.To tell us what works best in reducing stress.
D.To explain green spaces are unpopular now.
【小题2】What can we know about feelings of well-being from paragraph 3?
A.Your moods in the woods work quite differently.
B.Being near the ocean has the best function to you.
C.Green spaces have no capacity to improve well-being.
D.Combinations of green and blue spaces are more effective.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “notable” mean in paragraph 4?
A.Slight.B.Rare.C.Significant.D.Indistinct.
【小题4】What is the author’s attitude towards the find of blue spaces?
A.Intolerant.B.Favorable.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

Will it matter if you don’t take your breakfast? Recently a test was given in the United States. Those tested included people of different ages, from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got no breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect than if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person works with his brains. If a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention to class.

Opposite to what many people believe, if you don’t eat breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch, and end up gaining weight instead of losing. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.

【小题1】During the test, those who were tested were given ________.
A.no breakfast at allB.very rich breakfast
C.little food for breakfastD.different breakfast or none
【小题2】The results of the test show that ________.
A.breakfast has great effect on work and studies
B.breakfast has little to do with a person’s work
C.a person will work better if he has a simple breakfast
D.those working with brains should have much for breakfast
【小题3】The passage mentions that many people believe that if you don’t eat breakfast, you will_________.
A.lose weightB.not lose weight
C.be healthierD.gain a lot of weight
【小题4】Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A.Poor breakfasts affect those who work with brains.
B.Reducing lunch and supper is of less value in weight losing.
C.Morning diet may cause one to get fatter.
D.Eating less in lunch and supper may help to lose weight.

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