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Older brothers provide protections for their younger siblings (兄弟姐妹), but they might also be damaging their education, a new study suggests.

French scientists have discovered that the language ability of children falls two months behind for under-sixes who have an older brother, but not those who have an older sister. The researchers guess that older sisters are far more willing to talk to their younger siblings than brothers to make up for their parents’ being less available now. Older sisters may also compete less than older brothers for parental attention.

To find out, scientists followed a group of 1000 children from birth to five-a-half years old and evaluated their language skills at two years old, three years old and at the end of the study, measuring vocabulary, syntax (句法) and verbal reasoning. On average, first-borns and those with older sisters performed best.

Explaining the phenomenon, Dr Naomi Havron of the Ecole Normale Superieure in Paris said, “We generally believe that first-borns often have better language ability because their parents often supply them with one-on-one quality time, when they talk about things that interest them, tell them stories, etc.”

“But it is possible that older sisters are more likely to interact with their younger siblings than older brothers, and thus provide their own input. Also, it is possible that girls are less damaging than boys, and are thus in less of a competition for parents’ time and attention.”

The researchers said parents should try and make time to talk to their children to help develop their language skills. Dr Haivron added, “Encourage your children to have positive interactions between themselves, for example by encouraging them to play a game that they both like together.”

【小题1】According to the new study, who has a weaker language ability?
A.A boy with a younger brother.B.A boy with an older sister.
C.A girl with an older brother.D.A girl with an older sister.
【小题2】What can we infer from the underlined part in paragraph 5?
A.Girls are more competitive.B.Boys are more troublesome.
C.Girls damage their siblings.D.Boys care for their siblings.
【小题3】The last paragraph is intended to give ________.
A.some adviceB.a summary
C.another exampleD.the writer’s attitude
【小题4】Where is the passage possibly taken from?
A.A book review.B.An education magazine.
C.A medical paper.D.A science report.
20-21高二上·辽宁大连·期末
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In my late 20s, my world turned upside down in just 72 hours, my husband and I both lost our jobs at the same time in one disastrous week in May. Doug worked at a local construction(建筑)company, while I was a quality-control inspector for Jan Sport. We were both extremely hard workers, but we could not deal with a depressed economy (经济).

Doug was laid off on Wednesday and, two short days later, I learned that my entire company had decided to move to Mexico to save money.

In the space of several days, we were without any means to support our family.

As you can imagine, I didn't react well to the news that both my husband and I were suddenly out of work without any earlier warning. Who would? I wanted to find a place to hide, but that wasn't a choice. Doug, understandably, felt unhappy. It was also one of the only three times in our entire marriage when I saw fear in his eyes.

Fortunately, our family had made a smart decision a few years earlier that saved us from the disaster. It had taken us two years, but we managed to save a $l,000 emergency fund(资金).At the time, that $1,000 emergency fund was equal to about six weeks of bills.

Without that emergency fund to pay our rent, we would have probably been homeless. My family all lived in the Midwest-more than 2,000 miles away from us-so we didn't really have family support as a backup choice at the time. But having our emergency fund allowed us to pay bills for the next month. At the same time, we focused on job searches. Luckily, we both found work a few weeks later.

【小题1】What did the author think resulted in their unemployment?
A.Their laziness.
B.Their carelessness.
C.Their lack of new skills.
D.Their companies' poor situations.
【小题2】How did the author's husband react to the loss of their jobs?
A.He tried to keep calm.
B.He felt very worried.
C.He remained hopeful.
D.He decided to keep it secret.
【小题3】Why did the author mention her family in the last paragraph?
A.To show they have other choices.
B.To show the importance of family.
C.To show family's support was impossible.
D.To show how she overcame her difficulties.
【小题4】What can we learn from the text?
A.We should always stay active.
B.We should use our money wisely.
C.It's necessary to seek help sometimes.
D.It's important to prepare for rainy days.

When I was a boy, our extended, immigrant family would sometimes gather at my aunt’s tiny house over the summer. Relatives from all over the country would come in to visit. The adults would crowd together in the living room to talk and catch up on each other' s lives. And the kids would be sent out into the front yard to play when dinner was slowly cooked for all of us.

Those were the days before video games, smart phones, and motorized toys, so we often ended up playing an old game. I remember one of those moments especially. As I was the youngest and smallest of all the kids there, I got caught first and couldn't catch anyone else. My brothers and cousins were all too fast for me, and I grew more and more frustrated. I finally fell my face first into the dirt. I got up with tears forming in my eyes. Then I saw one of my female cousins Susan standing there. She started to run but was going much slower than before. I easily caught up and seized her. Then she turned to me, smiled, and said, "I'm it! You'd better run!" I ran off laughing with glee while she turned and started to chase others.

Now I see how her act of kindness that day saved me from sadness and returned me to joy. It didn't matter that we hardly ever saw each other. I know we are family and she loves me.

In her wonderful book: Box of Butterflies, Roma Downey writes, "We are all one, we all belong to each other, and we are one big. beautiful family." Perhaps it is time that we all started to treat each other that way. Perhaps it is time that we shared our love, our kindness, our laughter, and our joy with everyone without fear. Perhaps it is time to finally and forever bring this world together in one big family reunion.

【小题1】When the adults were chatting, the kids would__________.
A.play video gamesB.sit in the front yard
C.learn to cook dinnerD.play traditional games
【小题2】The author was able to catch Susan because________.
A.the others ran too fastB.the author was good at running
C.Susan gave her a chanceD.Susan wanted to chase others
【小题3】What can be inferred from the passage?
A.The author is grateful for hat Susan did to her.
B.The author cant meet Susan any more.
C.The author urges others to love their family.
D.The author believes the world will become a big family
【小题4】What could be the best title of the passage?
A.A memory of my childhood.B.Sharing of goodness unites us.
C.Kindness brightens our life.D.A good deed is invaluable.

If our kids don’t fall, they don’t learn to get up. I still remember the day in high school that my mom forgot to pick me up from school. I’m the oldest of four children, and no doubt she’d had a long day with the other kids and she forgot it. After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home, and when I got to my house, I shut our front door with anger, stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my mom’s face that she’d forgotten me.

Later that night, my dad told me I no longer had a ride to school the next day. I thought my mom would still take me, but when the morning came, she refused. It was midterm, and as a top student ready to start college applications, being late wasn’t proper. In my mind, missing these tests means the end of my academic career. I begged my mom. But she held her ground, and that day, I walked to school. And I missed my tests.

My mom didn’t rescue(营救) me from failure. She let me suffer from it. She let me figure it out. She let me learn. Now, as a mom myself, I’ve realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves. It’s how we self-educate to learn what’s right and respectable, and what’s not. It’s how we become responsible and enthusiastic.

Falling down makes us better, because we learn how to get up.

【小题1】Why did the author shout at her mother?
A.Because she missed some important tests.
B.Because her mother had ruined her future.
C.Because she was tired after walking home.
D.Because her mother didn’t pick her up home.
【小题2】What does the underlined phrase “held her ground” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Gave in to me.B.Said yes to me.
C.Stayed in the place.D.Insisted on her decision.
【小题3】How does the author feel about her experience now?
A.Angry.B.Helpful.
C.Disappointed.D.Embarrassed.
【小题4】What is the best title for the text?
A.Stop Rescuing Your Kids from Failure
B.Try to Meet Your Kids’ Requirements
C.Offer Your Kids Help if Necessary
D.Be Strict with Your Kids

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