CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏术) and first aid are related topics. It could be said that first aid is the more general of the two, and training in first aid might include instructions and practice on how to respond to a variety of medical emergencies that could be causing danger to life or to a part of a person’s body. One such medical emergency could be the stopping of breathing or heartbeat, and the right response, in this case, might be to perform CPR. Thus, CPR can be seen as a type of first-aid response.
There can be differences in the amount of first-aid training people learn, and courses can sometimes be broken down into emergency and standard training. Standard training is actually the more extensive of the two, and would include teaching and learning how to handle a variety of medical situations like bites from insects or animals, broken bones, poisoning, childbirth, and care of wounds. Emergency first aid tends to be limited to the teaching of CPR, how to handle choking emergencies, and instructions on wound care for heavy bleeding.
CPR and first aid may be taught together or are sometimes taken as separate courses. People may need a whole day of practice or longer before getting CPR certification, which should be obtained from recognized agencies like the Red Cross. The big difference between CPR and first aid, in terms of taking classes, is that CPR focuses only on learning to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation and recognize those situations as soon as possible in which it should be performed, while first-aid classes may teach this too, but they will teach in the broader context of how people need to respond to lots of different injuries or illness.
The issue of CPR and first aid may get confusing when people are asked to get training in one or both of these. Some people may be asked to take a first-aid course and have CPR training. Those who need more extensive training in standard first aid certainly won’t satisfy this need by only taking a CPR course. Those confused about what training they need should get this issue clear with the person (usually an employer) requesting the training.
Being able to respond first in a medical emergency usually means needing to know CPR, but other knowledge could be just as necessary. For instance, how to stop uncontrollable bleeding or how to handle an episode of anaphylactic shock (过敏性休克) could be vital too.
【小题1】What is the purpose of performing CPR?A.To be qualified as a first-aid trainer. | B.To make a person’s heart start beating again. |
C.To deal with all the medical emergencies. | D.To gain practical knowledge of first aid. |
A.CPR works faster when someone breaks his leg. |
B.CPR includes most courses of emergency training. |
C.Emergency first aid is more useful than CPR. |
D.Standard training deals with more medical cases. |
A.When practicing a whole day in Red Cross. |
B.After saving someone with CPR. |
C.After finishing the CPR training. |
D.When getting instructions from recognized agencies. |
A.A book review. | B.An academic report. |
C.A health magazine. | D.A maths exam paper. |
For as long as we've known about it, humans have searched for a cure for cancer. Across the world, countless amounts of time and money have been spent on researching a way to stop this terrible disease. But now, it seems like the answer could have been inside our own bodies the whole time
Recently, the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)in the U.S., a government agency that's responsible for health care, approved a new form of gene therapy that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer.
The therapy allows scientists to "train" the immune cells of sick patients to fight leukemia—a form of blood cancer that mostly affects young people.
The exciting new treatment works by removing healthy immune cells from the patient, known as T-cells, which are then changed to be able to "hunt down" cancer cells
The cells are then put back into the patient before they begin to get rid of the patient's leukemia over time, similar to how the body fights off other illnesses
"This is truly an exciting new day for cancer patients," Louis J. DeGennaro, president of The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, said in a news release.
Up until now, a long and painful marrow transplant was the only option for many leukemia patients.
In this procedure, healthy blood cells are taken from a donor and placed into the sick patient, who also has to go through chemotherapy(化疗)to allow their body to adjust to the new cells.
But with a recovery rate of around 83%—according to a news release published by the FDA—it's hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital, or even death, are over for leukemia sufferers.
"We're entering a new frontier in medical innovation with the ability to reprogram a patient's own cells to attack a deadly cancer," FDA representative Scott Gottlieb said in the release. "New technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine and our ability to treat and even cure many incurable illnesses."
【小题1】What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A.To compare different ways of curing leukemia. |
B.To report on a breakthrough in cancer treatment. |
C.To explore the potential of gene and cell therapies. |
D.To show scientists' efforts in search of a cure for cancer. |
A.By using changed T-cells to destroy cancer cells. |
B.By replacing sick blood cells with healthy ones |
C.By removing sick blood cells during a marrow transplant. |
D.By using chemotherapy to improve the patient's immune system. |
A.It can save them many more trips to the hospital. |
B.It can improve their ability to fight off all kinds of cancer. |
C.It can give them a better charge of survival and recovery. |
D.It can reduce their pain in the process of the marrow transplant. |
Telemedicine has existed for a long time, but the rise of smart phones, tablets and webcam-equipped computers is raising telemedicine to new levels. Some health care systems in the United States now offer Virtual Urgent Care, patients see a doctor by video chat without having to leave home.
Diana Rae is a nurse educator in the western state of Washington. She recently showed how Virtual Urgent Care works. She used an iPad tablet and skype — the video chat service.
Doctor Green has the patient describe her symptoms, then the doctor performs a physical exam by demonstrating what he wants her to do. Doctor Green decides that the problem is a silence infection. For medicine, he prescribes an antibiotic. He says about 3 out of 4 patients have health problems that can be treated like this —through Virtual Urgent Care, that means a video chat could replace a visit to the doctor's office.
The Franciscan Health System is based in Tacoma, Washington. Franciscan charges $35 for this kind of virtual house call, that is much less than the cost of going to an emergency room, a doctor's office or an urgent care clinic.
After trying the video conference, Diana Rae says, “I would've paid twice that for the convenience of getting taken care of without having to sit in a waiting room, wait, and get exposed to everyone else's germs.”
Franciscan has a deal with a company called Carena to add virtual urgent care by Skype or phone. Carena is one of several companies doing this kind of work around the country. But a company official says state rules have not kept progress with developments in telemedicine. The workers who provide virtual urgent care must be separately licensed in each state where the company does business. For now, that means Carena doctors can treat patients in Washington state and California for example, but not in neighboring Oregon or Idaho.
【小题1】The second paragraph is mainly used to show ________.
A.why telemedicine becomes popular |
B.the advantages of telemedicine |
C.many factors contribute to telemedicine |
D.what telemedicine is |
A.through his observation of the patient |
B.through a careful examination |
C.by knowing what he wants her to do |
D.by prescribing an antibiotic |
A.are tough to deal with |
B.can be treated through a video chat |
C.should result from work pressure |
D.nearly cost little to recover |
A.he finds it convenient to see a doctor by using a video chat |
B.he sings high praise for this kind of treatment form |
C.he must be tired of waiting too long in the hospital |
D.it should be very unhealthy while staying in hospital |
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