A tsunami is a series of huge waves that can kill many people and destroy a whole country. A terrible tsunami disaster happened on December 26, 2004.
The word “tsunami” comes from Japanese words. A tsunami can be caused by natural phenomenon such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, large asteroid impacts (小行星撞击地球), and earthquakes occurring underwater or close to a body of water.
A tsunami usually cannot be seen while it travels through deep water.
Since the tsunami of 2004, many people know more about tsunami.
A.The event forced officials to develop a better tsunami warning system. |
B.It could also be caused by nuclear weapons that are exploded at sea. |
C.It travels fast underwater, sometimes up to about 1,000 kilometers per hour. |
D.The next time a tsunami strikes, hopefully more people will be able to survive. |
E.Tsunami is a Japanese word for a harmful ocean wave caused by an undersea earthquake. |
F.As a tsunami gets close to the shore, it becomes a series of waves up to 150 meters high. |
G.On that day, a huge tsunami swept through the Indian Ocean killing about 300,000 people. |
On Friday January 14, 2022, blast was heard 2,000 km away in New Zealand and 3,300 km away in Australia. Boats crashed into a quiet harbor in Southern California, a remote island was battered in Japan by 4 foot waves and two women were swept to their deaths on a beach in Peru some 6,000 miles from an undersea volcanic eruption so powerful that the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway across the globe.
But on Sunday, as reports of the volcano’s effect crowded in from far-flung countries, there was little word from Tonga, the island nation just 40 miles from the site of the extraordinary explosion. As concerns from all over the world grew, the nation of about 100,000 people remained largely cut off from the rest of the world, its undersea internet cables knocked out of commission by the volcano.
In Tonga on Sunday, many residents lost not only communication channels but electric power. Up to 80,000 people there could be affected, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies told the BBC.
New Zealand and other nations in the region pledged to give Tonga aid to recover. But with heavy concentrations of airborne ash making flights impossible, just like the Iceland volcano eruption in 2021, it was difficult even to know what was needed. Ardern, the New Zealand prime minister, said flights over Tonga were planned for Monday or Tuesday, depending on ash conditions.
Tonga has experienced a succession of natural disasters in recent years. In 2018, more than 170 homes were destroyed and two people killed by Cyclone Gita, a Category 5 tropical storm. In 2020, Cyclone Harold caused about $111 million in damage.
【小题1】Which country wasn’t affected by Tanga undersea volcanic eruptions?A.America | B.Japan | C.Peru | D.Iceland |
A.20% | B.30% | C.50% | D.70% |
A.out of action | B.out of range | C.out of existence | D.out of account |
A.The Iceland volcano eruption in 2021 made nearby flights delayed. |
B.New Zealand as well as other nations in the region gave Tonga aid timely. |
C.Flights could reach Tonga two days after the eruption. |
D.The undersea volcanic eruption caused severer damage to Tonga than ever before. |
A month after Hurricane Katrina, I returned home in New Orleans. There lay my house, reduced to waist high ruins, smelly and dirty.
Before the trip, I’d had my car fixed. When the office employee of the garage was writing up the bill, she noticed my Louisiana license plate. “You from New Orleans?” she asked. I said I was. “No charge,” she said, and firmly shook her head when I reached for my wallet. The next day I went for a haircut, and the same thing happened.
As my wife was studying in Florida, we decided to move there and tried to find a rental house that we could afford while also paying off a mortgage (抵押贷款) on our ruined house. We looked at many places, but none was satisfactory. We’d begun to accept that we’d have to live in extremely reduced circumstances for a while, when I got a very curious e-mail from a James Kennedy in California. He’d read some pieces I’d written about our sufferings for Slate, the online magazine, and wanted to give us (“no conditions attached”) a new house across the lake from New Orleans.
It sounded too good to be true, but I replied, thanking him for his exceptional generosity, that we had no plans to go back. Then a poet at the University of Florida offered to let his house to me while he went to England on his one-year paid leave. The rent was rather reasonable. I mentioned the poet’s offer to James Kennedy, and the next day he sent a check covering our entire rent for eight months.
Throughout this painful experience, the kindness of strangers has done much to bring back my faith in humanity. It’s almost worth losing your worldly possessions to be reminded that people are really nice when given half a chance.
【小题1】The garage employee’s attitude towards the author was that of .A.unconcern | B.sympathy |
C.doubt | D.tolerance |
A.He was a writer of an online magazine. |
B.He was a poet at the University of Florida. |
C.He offered the author a new house free of charge. |
D.He learned about the author’s sufferings via e-mail. |
A.the author’s family was in financial difficulty |
B.rents were comparatively reasonable despite the disaster |
C.houses were difficult to find in the hurricane-stricken area |
D.the mortgage on the ruined house was paid off by the bank |
A Recipe for Avoiding Disaster
Every log cabin homeowner has had those “what if” thoughts. What if conditions become so dry that a wildfire starts near my cabin? What if the rain is so relentless that the lake outside my doorstep begins to overflow its banks? What if tornado-fueled winds threaten to destroy everything I’ve created?
WILDFIRES: The key to keeping fires from damaging your home is regular maintenance with a focus on how fires spread. Begin by removing dead plants like trees and shrubs promptly and trimming (修剪) any branches that overhang the property or have close contact with the log walls.
FLOODS: A massive amount of flooding that leaves your house and yard in standing water is a tall order in terms of prevention strategies, but more moderate flooding can be stopped with a few simple landscaping tricks.
TORNADOES: To minimize the damage caused by the sudden gusts tornado weather brings, be sure to keep trees and shrubs trimmed.
A.The best way to begin is to grade your soil so that it slopes downward and away from your home in all directions. |
B.Make every effort to prevent fire spread as soon as possible. |
C.Never leave piles of brush or leaves near the house because they can burn easily. |
D.What you should do is to gather standing water to help with water absorption. |
E.There’s nothing you can do to prevent those extreme scenarios from happening. |
F.Also, check to ensure any yard ornaments (like birdbaths, pots or statues) are heavy enough to withstand the strong force. |
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