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In 200 Years Cows May Be the Biggest Land Mammals (哺乳动物) on the Planet

Around 13,000 years ago North America had a wider variety of mammals than modern Africa. There were multiple horse species, camels and some now-extinct animals. And such _________ creatures were not just found in North America. On every continent mammals on average were a lot larger from around 2.5 million until about 11,700 years ago.

Scientists have long debated what caused all these large creatures to go extinct while many of the smaller ones _________. A team of researchers led by biologist Felisa Smith analyzed evidence from millions of years’ worth of mammalian extinctions and found that on each continent large mammals started to _________ around the same time humans first showed up.

If the extinction trend continues, many more large mammals will soon disappear as well, as the primary threats from humans have _________ from overhunting to indirect processes such as habitat loss. The largest land mammal 200 years from now could well be the domestic cow, Smith’s research suggests. In their new study Smith and her team analyzed a database of all land mammals that lived from 65 million years ago until today. “We found _________ no effect of climate on mammalian extinction over 65 million years,” she says. But starting around 125,000 years ago and continuing until today, large mammals have been more likely to go extinct than smaller ones, the researchers found.

The average _________ of surviving mammals has decreased as a result. And those large-mammal extinctions are tightly coupled with the _________ of humans. For most of mammalian _________ history, an animal’s size was not predictive of its extinction risk. That _________ only appeared once humans began to live alongside large mammals.

This finding does not mean climate-related changes could not have __________ some wildlife populations, enabling humans to more easily bring about their eventual downfall. __________, it suggests the greater likelihood of large mammals going extinct is tied to human activities. The animals that evolved without the risk of hunting from humans were suddenly faced with a new __________. They simply could not __________ fast enough to survive the invasion of humans.

Smith says the lesson to be learned from the new findings is that our ancestors prepared us to be extremely skillful killers. “What’s __________ now,” she says, “is that some of us are comfortable enough, have a high enough standard of living, that we can start thinking about our use of the Earth.” Rather than simply behaving as __________, many of us are now in a position to become environmental protectors.

【小题1】
A.smartB.massiveC.marineD.ancient
【小题2】
A.survivedB.shrankC.escapedD.returned
【小题3】
A.hide awayB.bring upC.break upD.die out
【小题4】
A.fadedB.restoredC.improvedD.expanded
【小题5】
A.absolutelyB.predictablyC.exclusivelyD.potentially
【小题6】
A.weightB.speedC.sizeD.appetite
【小题7】
A.productionB.appearanceC.explorationD.cruelty
【小题8】
A.recordedB.contemporaryC.evolutionaryD.conclusive
【小题9】
A.linkB.contactC.adaptationD.distinction
【小题10】
A.enlargedB.stressedC.impressedD.dominated
【小题11】
A.MoreoverB.OtherwiseC.MeanwhileD.Rather
【小题12】
A.speciesB.hopeC.ruleD.threat
【小题13】
A.growB.digestC.withdrawD.adapt
【小题14】
A.instructiveB.tremendousC.differentD.marvelous
【小题15】
A.sponsorsB.creatorsC.consumersD.producers
21-22高二下·上海浦东新·期末
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She came in the dead of night, in the cold. She was more than half dead, _______ down to bones. Her hair was completely eaten away by mange (兽疥癣). And finally, she peered into an empty doghouse in the trees. _______ she was out of the winds.

My mother and brother found her in the daylight of the next day. They could not even _______ she was a dog. “And it broke my heart,” my mother said,

They are the kind of people who _______ to give up on anything. My mother even _______ pens that stopped writing in 1974. My brother Mark looked at her tragic face and _______ her, “Hey, Pretty Girl.” It was as if he could see _______ the ruin.

Mark and my mother fed her, gave her water and bathed her in burned motor oil, the way my people have been curing the mange for _______. A month later, a beautiful white German shepherd stood in the garden. She was _______ to last, at most, a few weeks or months, yet she lived three more years-decades, in dog years——________ my brother to watch for rainbow in the garden.

“I ________ for her,” my mother said. “Some people say you needn’t ask for God’s blessing for your dog, but ...” And then after the __________ of years, Pretty Girl began to __________ and died.

Some things in the garden were planted according to science, according to soil and weather. And some things were planted according to traditions, the shape of the moon, and more. However, there are things we cannot __________ things beyond science, like how a man could name a dying dog and have her rise inside that, somehow, to __________.

【小题1】
A.starvedB.burntC.swallowedD.settled
【小题2】
A.At lengthB.At leastC.At largeD.At present
【小题3】
A.predictB.suspectC.recallD.tell
【小题4】
A.tendB.voteC.hateD.determine
【小题5】
A.appreciatesB.abandonsC.possessesD.keeps
【小题6】
A.inspiredB.recognizedC.namedD.congratulated
【小题7】
A.throughB.beyondC.offD.beneath
【小题8】
A.pleasureB.generationsC.profitsD.convenience
【小题9】
A.supposedB.assignedC.aimedD.appointed
【小题10】
A.commandingB.supportingC.followingD.consulting
【小题11】
A.prayedB.spokeC.soughtD.struggled
【小题12】
A.lessonB.punishmentC.rewardD.gift
【小题13】
A.failB.adaptC.developD.wander
【小题14】
A.complainB.explainC.obtainD.claim
【小题15】
A.take it easyB.make it clearC.put it offD.make it true

A dog waiting on a roadside for four years has finally been reunited with its owner thanks to a social media post. Anuchit Uncharoen happened to be there. He_________passing by the dog and seeing it being _________ by a woman late in the afternoon.

When he approached her, he learned that the dog was thought to have been_________. The woman said she_________took the dog to her home, but the loyal friend escaped and returned to the street, waiting for its _________. Since then, the nice woman had been regularly bringing food to him and making sure he was _________. Others in the community had been_________, too.

The dog’s heartbreaking situation made the_________online, eventually reaching his owner. He got in touch with Anuchit and explained that he and his family_________ a dog named BonBon four years ago. Their dog had the same__________as the one in the pictures.

The owner said that BonBon was with them on a trip to a relative. His dog might have__________out of the car while on the road. He and his family__________for BonBon back in the roads but without luck.

They assumed their pet dog had died and were__________to discover him alive and well.When the owner paid BonBon a visit, surprisingly, the dog__________to go with him, even if his tail wagged in excitement.

Someone once said, he might only be here for a(n)__________of your life, but for him, you are his whole life. So to them remember to be kind.

【小题1】
A.recalledB.consideredC.provedD.admitted
【小题2】
A.attackedB.huggedC.fedD.pushed
【小题3】
A.caughtB.abandonedC.acceptedD.threated
【小题4】
A.unwillinglyB.eagerlyC.smartlyD.initially
【小题5】
A.supporterB.visitorC.ownerD.reporter
【小题6】
A.healthyB.awakeC.luckyD.calm
【小题7】
A.praisingB.helpingC.followingD.functioning
【小题8】
A.wishesB.newsC.notesD.rounds
【小题9】
A.huntedB.adoptedC.lostD.rescued
【小题10】
A.appearanceB.emotionC.characterD.size
【小题11】
A.jumpedB.walkedC.observedD.dropped
【小题12】
A.preparedB.searchedC.reachedD.intended
【小题13】
A.satisfiedB.embarrassedC.concernedD.thrilled
【小题14】
A.agreedB.hopedC.refusedD.managed
【小题15】
A.totalB.amountC.crowdD.part
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
          My husband, Tom, has always been good with animals, but I was still amazed when he befriended a female grouse (松鸡). It’s impossible for a grouse to have any contact (接触) with people. In fact, they’re hard to spot, ____ they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.
          This grouse came into our lives in ____. Tom was working out in the field when he ____ her walking around at the edge of the field. She was ____ unafraid and seemed to be curious about what he was doing.
          Tom saw the ____ bird several times, and she got more comfortable around him. We quickly grew ____ of the bird and decided to call her Mildred.
          One day, as Tom was working, Mildred came within a few feet of him to watch. Tom ____ he didn’t see her and kept working to see what she would do next.
          Apparently, she didn’t like to be ignored. She’d run up and peck (啄) at Tom’s hands, then ____ off to see what he would do. This went on for about 20 minutes, until Mildred became tired of the ____ and left.
          As spring went and summer came, Mildred started to ____ more and more often. ____ Mildred felt comfortable enough to jump up on Tom’s leg and stay long enough for me to get a picture of the two of them together. This friendly grouse soon felt ____ not just with our family, but with anybody who walked or drove by.
          When hunting season opened, we put a ____ at the end of our driveway asking ____ not to shoot our pet grouse. My father, who lived down the road, ____ warned people not to shoot her. In fact, hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.【小题1】
A.thoughB.becauseC.unlessD.until
【小题2】
A.springB.summerC.autumnD.winter
【小题3】
A.gotB.keptC.noticedD.imagined
【小题4】
A.naturallyB.certainlyC.normallyD.surprisingly
【小题5】
A.shyB.awkwardC.friendlyD.elegant
【小题6】
A.carefulB.tiredC.fondD.sick
【小题7】
A.supposedB.realizedC.hopedD.pretended
【小题8】
A.putB.backC.setD.take
【小题9】
A.gameB.workC.placeD.man
【小题10】
A.give upB.come outC.turn overD.fly by
【小题11】
A.EventuallyB.SuddenlyC.ConstantlyD.Presently
【小题12】
A.comfortableB.guiltyC.anxiousD.familiar
【小题13】
A.lanternB.signC.gunD.loudspeaker
【小题14】
A.driversB.farmersC.huntersD.tourists
【小题15】
A.justB.yetC.thusD.also

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