Discoveries at the famous Sanxingdui ruins in Southwest China show that the region’s ancient Shu Kingdom Civilization shared similarities with the Maya.
The Sanxingdui ruins belonged to the Shu Kingdom that existed at least 4,800 years ago and lasted more than 2,000 years, while the Mayan civilization built its city-states around 200 AD.
The bronze-made remains of trees unearthed at the ruins of the Shu Kingdom resemble the sacred ceiba tree, which symbolized the union of heaven, earth and the underworld in the Mayan civilization. “They are very important similarities,” says Santos, a Mexican archaeologist (考古学家) stressing that “the representations of trees in both cultures provide a symbolism that is very similar”.
The findings at the Sanxingdui ruins, considered one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century, also show a new aspect of Bronze Age culture, indicating the ancient civilization already had technologies that were thought to have been developed much later.
While the time span between the Shu kingdom and the Mayan culture is great, the findings highlight the closeness between the two civilizations. They developed in areas with comparable climates and reflected their worldview through related symbols. “In the end, man is still man, independent of time and space. What we have is that, at this latitude (纬度), both the Shu people and the Mayans looked at the same sky and had the same stars on the horizon,” the expert says.
One notable feature of the recent discoveries at Sanxingdui was the cross-subject work and technology applied by teams of Chinese archaeologists, which allowed the unearthing of artifacts as fragile as silk remains, which other types of less careful digging methods would not have been able to register.
Cooperation between Chinese and Mexican archaeologists could benefit projects in the Mayan world, where the rainy climate and humidity are problematic for the conservation of ruins.
“Every time our cultural knowledge increases, regardless of whether we speak one language or another, what it shows us is that we continue to be sister cultures and, therefore, the exchange of such knowledge is fundamental,” says Santos.
【小题1】What is a similarity between the Shu Kingdom and Maya civilization?A.Their starting time. | B.Their historical origins. |
C.Their cultural symbols. | D.Their ceremony traditions. |
A.silk was a common clothing material then |
B.some technologies were developed much earlier |
C.the Bronze Age started earlier than previously assumed |
D.the Shu Kingdom and the Mayan world had close contact |
A.Damp weather. | B.Positioning of ruins. |
C.High latitude. | D.Language barriers. |
A.Our cultural knowledge is increasing. |
B.The benefits of speaking a different language. |
C.The increasing sisterhood in culture between China and Mexico. |
D.The importance of the exchange of cultural knowledge. |
In a working site near Paris, several people are busy cleaning a canvas (画布), trying to correct the pains of time: the repairing of 22 paintings of Notre-Dame (巴黎圣母院) which was damaged by a fire in April 2019, is “a race against time”.
The project of repairing these works, which must be returned to the building for its reopening in 2024, is a unique one compared to others.
“Two years may seem like a long time, but that’s the time it takes to do the job of simply one canvas like The Triumph of Job, which is behind us,” one expert Laurence said, pointing out the huge work several meters high by the Italian artist Guido Reni, which was hung behind her back.
“You do not touch a canvas without knowing its medical history”, underlines Lavit, heritage curator (馆长) at the Center of research and repair of the Museums of France.
Once this history is known, the paintings move on to cleaning. The protector-repairer Pasquali stresses that it is a team effort.
Opposite her is Hulot, an expert in repair. One object of his attention is The Martyrdom of Saint Bartholomew by French artist Lubin Baugin. His job is to make sure that the canvases do not break.
Meanwhile, another team takes care of the frames. “The heat of the fire dried and weaken the wood,” comments Galopin.
Once all these steps have been completed, the paintings are stored in a special room. It takes between 8 and 10 people to move them safely. They will remain there until the reopening of the church.
【小题1】What do we know about the repair work?A.Its focus is on cleaning a canvas. |
B.It is considered as the pains of time. |
C.It is different from all other projects. |
D.Its working site is in the city of Paris. |
A.The paintings were badly damaged in the 2019 fire. |
B.Workers need to spend two years studying one canvas. |
C.The huge work of an Italian artist should be returned soon. |
D.The project is to be completed by the reopening of the church. |
A.One. | B.Two. | C.Three. | D.Four. |
A.Moving on to cleaning. |
B.Taking care of the frames. |
C.Storing the paintings in a room. |
D.Getting to know its medical history. |
A.Travel and Experience. | B.Art and Culture. |
C.Science and Technology. | D.History and Legend. |
The Double Ninth Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese lunar calendar. According to tradition, we should celebrate the festival by going mountain climbing. How many people today still keep this tradition?
Finally, traditional festivals area source of national pride and help shape (塑造) our national identity. For example, we celebrate the Hanshi Festival and the Lab a Festival with unique customs, and these shared experiences bring us together as a people.
Traditional festivals have been passed down to us from previous generations. It is the duty of every one of us to protect them for generations to come.
A.Many young people celebrate western festivals. |
B.Traditional festivals can help develop our economy. |
C.Traditional festivals teach us a lot about our nation’s history. |
D.People will come back home even if they live very far away. |
E.Traditional festivals tell us who we are and fill us with pride in being Chinese. |
F.In modern society, many traditional Chinese festivals are becoming less and less popular. |
G.If we don’t pay much attention to these traditional festivals, some customs may fade away. |
Hanfu, an ethnic dress of Chinese Han people, has a long history. While many designers have been trying to restore its authenticity(真实性),others say it's best to leave it in the past. Chu Yan, a fashion designer, is known for her work in recreating traditional Chinese garments. She also teaches at the Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology and runs a studio on Beijing’s outskirts.
Her work includes designing the traditional Chinese wear Tangzhuang for world leaders participating at the APEC(亚太经合组织)meeting in Beijing in 2014. “An earlier project was about Dunhuang murals(壁画).They are two dimensional. Later on, I worked with Xi’an Museum. We worked with pottery figures. They are three-dimensional, unlike the murals. We have developed a better sense of what the real items may look like,” Chu said.
Chu shared her belief in recreating these historical art pieces, and that is “to know where it comes from and to lead where it heads to.” Because of the technological advances, many contend that these new designs cannot be traditional Hanfu and only classical garments can be considered authentic. However, Chu says it's more complicated than that. “Can we recreate something exactly like it was in history? We can do that. Our design, tailoring and production methods allow us to do that. But the difference is that we use distinctive techniques and materials,” she said.
In response to the claim that Hanfu should make a return, she says young Chinese designers should have a clear understanding of the art history and give what’s the past a new life. “We cannot return to the past and there is no need to dress exactly the same as ancient Chinese people,” Chu said. She believes young Chinese designers should keep this famous Chinese saying in mind. “Honoring history doesn’t mean you have to mimic(模仿) what it looked like in the past. You have to do even better, ” she added.
【小题1】What can we know about Chu Yan?A.She once worked on a project about Dunhuang murals. |
B.She participated in the APEC meeting in Beijing in 2014. |
C.She is well-known for her work in designing Tangzhuang. |
D.She is studying at Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology. |
A.Agree. | B.Argue. |
C.Realize. | D.Predict. |
A.Make a fast return of it. | B.Encourage people to wear it. |
C.Spread it to the world widely. | D.Add innovation in its design. |
A.Hanfu: The Controversies Behind the New Trend |
B.Ancient Chinese Fashion Is Making a Comeback |
C.Putting China's Traditional Hanfu on the World Stage |
D.Chinese Designer Reconnects the Present and the Past via Hanfu |
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