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On the pristine coast of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu, a small fishing village called Mahabalipuram is home to Mumu Surf School, one of the most popular surfing schools in India. It is run by Mukesh Panjanathan, also known as Mumu, who lives two minutes from the school on the beach.

Every morning, he watches the sunlight sparkle on the seawater, and palm leaves sway with the breeze. Along the shore are kattumarams, which he used to sneak into the sea as a child to ride the waves. But as beautiful as it looks, the beach town has a dark side.

Mumu was only 12–the youngest of six siblings–when his father, who suffered from alcoholism-related health problems, died by suicide.

“Alcohol addiction is an immense challenge for fishing communities.” Vincent Jain, the deputy chief of the South Indian Federation of Fishermen Societies, told VICE. “Most of them start drinking when they reach their teens and start earning some money.”

It is common for fishermen to drink up to three times a day, and paying for their addiction uses up much of the money they make. As things stand, their income has been decreasing because of large-scale commercial fishing activities and the climate crisis.

Mumu, now 36, said fishermen use alcohol as a “painkiller” because of the exhausting nature of their jobs. They paddle(用桨划)their boats into the sea as early as three in the morning, sometimes in very harsh conditions, and return with a batch of fish at sunrise. That is, if they’re in luck, the rest of the day leaves them with nothing to do.

“Drinking makes them feel better. Slowly, it becomes a habit,” he said. “But things are changing.”

Over the last 15 years, the rise of surf culture in Mahabalipuram has not only transformed it into one of India’s top water sports destinations, but also opened doors for the young to pursue alternative careers. “The coming generations have much more freedom to choose what they want to do, instead of sitting around and getting drunk.” said Mumu, who is among the first surfers to emerge from the local fishing community.

【小题1】According to paragraph 2, the underline word “kattumaarams” probably refers to           .
A.the alternative for the word “wave” in Mahabalipuram
B.a kind of boat used in Mahabalipuram
C.the animals living along the shore
D.the friends of Mumu with whom he went to the sea
【小题2】Why does the author think Mahabalipuram has a dark side?
A.The drinking culture here causes a lot of trouble.
B.Many people died young in this place.
C.The people here are too addicted to surfing.
D.The night here is longer than other places.
【小题3】Which of the following is not the reason why some fishermen in Mahabalipuram are addicted to drinking?
A.They have nothing to do after finishing their job.
B.Drinking reduces their physical pain caused by their job.
C.They are so used to drinking that they can’t quit it.
D.Drinking relieves them of the tiredness caused by their job.
【小题4】In the following paragraphs, the author is probably going to write about         .
A.how Mumu became a surfer in the village and started Mumu Surf School
B.the new alternative careers the young can choose in the village
C.how surfing culture helps fishermen in the village get rid of drinking
D.other water sports destinations in India
20-21高二下·上海奉贤·期中
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Stay-at-home kids are named “generation nini” in Spain. They are those adults who still live at home and are neither working nor studying. But the problem is not limited to Spain. It is a worldwide problem.

In Italy, they are known as “bamboccioni” or big babies. There nearly 60 percent of 18-34-year-old adults still live in their parents’ home, up from almost 50 percent since 1983. Once kept there by the love for their mama’s home-cooked food, the economic crisis(经济危机)has seen a rise in adults left unable to hold down a steady job or afford a home of their own. Last year, an Italian government minister admitted that his mother washed his clothes and made the bed for him until he was 30. He demanded a law forcing young Italians to leave their parents’ home at 18 to stop them becoming hopelessly dependent on their parents.

In the UK, the government has made the term NEETS---not in employment, education or training for these children. In England alone the percent of NEETS aged 19-24 surged to 18.8 percent of the age group-in the last quarter of 2010, up 1.4 percent on the same period a year before. The number of British men in their 20s living with their parents has risen from 59 percent to 80 percent in the past 15 years, while the number of women has risen from 41percent to 50 percent. The average age of the first-time house buyers is now 38.

In the US, the problem is known as the “full nest syndrome(综合症)”. Adults there are left struggling to support adult children who have stayed at home with student debts and facing few job opportunities in a weak economy. A recent study showed almost a third of American adults aged 34 and under are living with their parents

【小题1】“Big babies” mentioned in Paragraph 2 refers to those adults who ______.
A.are poorly educatedB.are not as smart as others
C.lose their job in the bad economyD.depend on their parents for a living
【小题2】The Italian government minister thinks that ______.
A.parents should make their children feel hopeless
B.young people should live on their own after18
C.parents should never make the bed for their children
D.it is OK for adult children to live with their parents
【小题3】The underlined word “surged” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by ______.
A.jumpedB.reduced
C.recoveredD.moved
【小题4】What does the last paragraph tell us? ______
A.Some American adult children are causing trouble for their parents
B.American parents are happy to live with their children
C.America has the most adult children compared with other countries
D.It is a tradition for adult children to live with their parents in America

After weeks of lockdown, the French are more eager than ever to get away from the breathless cities. But the busy traffic will also serve as a reminder of another annual summer trend here. The French have the unfortunate distinction of being the European champions(冠军) for abandoning pets that have become too cumbersome for their summer trips. Animal shelters up and down the country are evidence of this unique and sad tradition.

Betty Loizeau has run a shelter just north of Toulouse for more than 20 years. “Owners call up to say where their pets can be found, or drop them off in boxes outside the shelter under the cover of darkness. The excuses they typically give are that they’re going on holiday, having a baby, moving house, or they have a new partner with allergies, .......”

For shelters like this one, it is the busiest time of the year. Between 100,000 and 200,000 pets are abandoned in France each year, with 60% of these incidents occurring over the summer. The figure is close to 16.000 in the UK.

“Pets are increasingly seen as an impulsive(冲动的) buy,” says Marina Chailland, a vet(兽医) who has studied the social relationship between the French and their pets.

“A certain breed(品种) of cat or dog is fashionable and owners want one, just like a new smartphone,” she says. “Of course, when it goes out of fashion they desert it for an upgrade a couple of years later, when a new breed is considered fashionable.” She also points to the issue of pets being given as gifts as a reason why so many are abandoned. “Often parents will get pets for their children and when they grow up and lose interest in them, out goes the pet.”

Over the summer, owners discover that hotels charge extra for animals or even ban them completely. This explains why you will often see frightened, lost, dogs wandering near freeway service stations or beach resorts.

【小题1】What does the underlined the word “cumbersome” in para. 1 refer to?
A.Disturbing.B.Enjoyable.
C.Boring.D.Impressive.
【小题2】Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.In fact, the French don’t like pets at all.
B.There are various excuses for people abandoning pets.
C.Between 100,000 and 200,000 pets are abandoned in the UK each year.
D.Pets are admitted into the hotel for free in summer.
【小题3】When is the busiest time for a pet shelter in France?
A.In spring.B.In summer.
C.In fall.D.In winter.
【小题4】Why does the author mention the smartphone in paragraph 5?
A.To explain why the French abandon the pets.
B.To explain how the French like a smartphone.
C.To explain why the French dislike pets.
D.To explain how costly a smartphone is in France.

The law of supply and demand determines that an overabundance of anything will lead to a decrease in price. This rule applies not only to goods and services, but also to lifestyle and fashion trends.

In the 19th century, the primitive paintings of Picasso and Matisse shook up the positive image of the French bourgeoisie (中产阶级). In the 1970s, talented musicians with tailored costumes and egos were overshadowed by a band of punk rockers who sang about the harsh realities of ordinary life in poor urban areas.

I predict that this will also happen with beauty standards. The idealized version of life portrayed in fashion magazines will reach a turning point, as people become tired of unattainable perfection.

During my time in Washington D.C. in the 1990s, I had the opportunity to interact with numerous political celebrities. While chatting with former presidents or bumping into TV pundits (名嘴) in elevators, I also assisted former Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, who was my boss’s boss. What struck me was how ordinary these people appeared in real life despite their public characters. Like everyone else, they grappled with insecurities and mood swings, even though they were constantly under the spotlight.

Yes, it was great to drop names on the phone to my friends. My father, of course, couldn’t understand why I would ever want to leave. “Because you’re not me and I’m not impressed,” I told him. We do not need to lead a luxurious life or make groundbreaking achievements to be content. Happiness can be found in living out the ordinary moments of an authentic life.

Most of us end up being ordinary people without doing anything that changes the world, but that does not mean our lives are meaningless. In fact, it is precisely this realization that leads to sustainable happiness because, when all is said and done, no one’s lifestyle is essentially better than any other’s.

【小题1】Which of the following phrase can best replace the underline phrase in paragraph 4?
A.struggled withB.put up withC.came up withD.fought with
【小题2】What’s the author’s father’s attitude towards his decision to leave Washington D.C.?
A.supportiveB. indifferentC.opposedD.unimpressed
【小题3】What does the author’s observation about political celebrities suggest?
A.They are just like ordinary people.
B.They lack the ability to lead a normal life.
C.They are not as successful as they claim to be.
D.They are not as intelligent as they appear on TV.
【小题4】What does the author want to imply in the last paragraph?
A.People should strive for a better lifestyle.
B.No one’s lifestyle is inherently superior to others’.
C.People should be content with their own lifestyles.
D.People should critically evaluate other people’s lifestyles.

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