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Although we benefit from deep and meaningful conversations that help us build connections with one another, we often stick to small talk with strangers because we underestimate (低估) how much others are interested in our lives and wrongly believe that deep conversations will be more awkward and less enjoyable than they actually are, according to research published by the American Psychological Association.

Nicholas Epley, a professor of behavioral science at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, and his colleagues designed a series of experiments with more than 1, 800 participants. The researchers asked pairs of people — mainly strangers — to discuss either relatively deep or shallow topics. In the first experiment, people received shallow or deep questions to discuss. Before the conversations, participants predicted how awkward they thought the conversations would be, how connected they thought they would feel to their conversation partner and how much they would enjoy the conversations. Afterward, they rated how awkward the conversations actually were, how connected they actually felt and how much enjoyment they actually experienced.

The researchers found that both deep and shallow conversations felt less awkward than the participants had expected. That effect tended to be stronger for deep conversations.

Deep conversations were also more enjoyable and led to a stronger sense of connection. In the second experiment, participants who had a deep conversation with one partner and a shallow conversation with another partner initially expected to prefer the shallow conversation but actually preferred the deep conversation after having both of them.

“Our participants’ expectations about deep conversations were greatly mistaken in a way that could keep people from interacting deeply with others in their daily lives,” Epley said. “As the pandemic (疫情) wanes and social distance restrictions become less strict, and we all get back to talking with each other again, being aware that others also like deep conversations might lead you to have more pleasant interactions.”

【小题1】What were the participants asked to do in the first experiment?
A.Choose some topics they prefer.B.Avoid discussing shallow topics.
C.Make predictions on their feelings.D.Classify various types of questions.
【小题2】It’s found that the participants in the first experiment _________.
A.preferred to discuss shallow questions with strangers
B.felt very awkward when conducting deep conversations
C.underestimated how awkward their strange partners felt
D.overestimated the awkwardness of talking with strangers
【小题3】What does the second experiment find about having deep conversations with strangers?
A.It is easier to conduct than making small talk.
B.It usually causes a weaker sense of connection.
C.It is more enjoyable than having shallow ones.
D.It is more awkward than previously expected.
【小题4】What does the underlined word “wanes” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A.Worsens.B.Appears.C.Spreads.D.Fades.
21-22高三下·河北沧州·阶段练习
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One of the biggest problems when we are talking is the awkward silence. Encountering this situation is so uncomfortable that you would avoid meeting new people in the first place. In the past, I struggled with this and I even thought it had to do with my DNA or something… But later I learned that once you know how to keep those words flowing, you can meet and talk to anyone you like, which helps create great possibilities for friendship, fun and shared activities that you would otherwise have missed out on.

After studying this in depth, I had different opinions and found that one of these common behaviors is the habit of filtering (过滤)—holding back from saying something until you've "checked" to make sure that what you're about to say is cool, impressive and interesting. Another problem is not learning to get in the mood for conversation. If you don't know how to change from subjects, then it can take a lot of time to warm up.

It is the reflex (习惯性思维) that allows you to say whatever goes on in your mind. It's fun to realize that you're allowed to say whatever is on your mind. As long as you don't say anything that could land you in jail (监狱).

All of the "Oh! That's interesting…" "Hmm, I've never heard of that" "Hmm, cool!" expressions are reactionary (保守的) bits of conversation that prove to the other person that you're really listening. This works 99% of the time. So, if you show some interest, they'll hang around and want to talk to you even more.

Everyone knows that stories juice-up conversations, but most people only talk about stories of their own lives. When someone mentions something related to any of them, just tell the story, even if it's not from your life. The more interesting, stranger or more frightening they are, the harder they are to forget.

【小题1】If people can deal with the awkward silence, they can _____.
A.train their working skill
B.improve their life quality
C.enrich their social life
D.establish their working relationship
【小题2】When talking with others, we should _____.
A.to cool
B.think twice
C.be free to express
D.avoid breaking in
【小题3】According to the passage, what do the speakers care much about?
A.The attractive topics of conversation.
B.The atmosphere of the conversation.
C.The listener's experiences and tastes.
D.The listener's curiosity and concern.
【小题4】What does the underlined part "juice-up conversations" mean?
A.making conversations more difficult
B.making conversations livelier
C.making conversations smoother
D.making conversations more relaxing

We are all born social and company to live happy and fruitful life. Healthy and supportive mutual relationships help reduce stress and promote the physical, mental and emotional well-being by building skills like time management, assertiveness(自信), sociability and empathy.

Making friends has made me feel secure. However, I have to be cautious to pick up friends sharing similar tastes and values. In addition, having added to one’s circle of friends helps one feel supported.

It is true that finding time to cultivate relationships is all about effective time management. My busy uncle finds time to catch up with family and friends during his tea and lunch breaks. Similarly my friend Somya uses her time on her way back home from work in her chauffeur-driven car to catch up with people. The modern inventions of SMS and e-mail help send wishes for birthdays and anniversaries to show your love and care.

Assertiveness is as much applicable to relationships. My friend Mohana emphasizes that neither being a passive observer nor being aggressive helps relationships. It is assertiveness in our relationships that opens the lines of effective communication. It emphasizes helping friends in need and also strengthens mutually supportive relationships.

It is also true that assertiveness by intuition promotes discretion of friends and helps Lalitha distinguish positive people from drains of energy. She can easily figure this out by the flow of the conversation, the way each feels understood, accepted and supported, and by how I feel, happy, bored or energized in the relationship. It also helps to know whether all benefit from each other’s positive aspects.

Handling stress in life is all about cultivating mutually supportive relationships and working on them. Manisha always says she feels great when sharing her feelings after a hard clay with people who share similar ideas. Actually we all need someone who would not just hear us, but listen to us, and we need to cultivate the art of listening and understanding people.

【小题1】How can a busy person develop his/her social relationships?
A.By inviting friends for dinner.B.By working hard for high salary.
C.By making friends with colleagues.D.By getting together in the intervals of business.
【小题2】______ helps build mutually supportive social relationships.
A.Being passiveB.Being relaxedC.Being assertiveD.Being aggressive
【小题3】What can we inter from the passage?
A.Mohana seems like a passive observer.
B.Lalitha has great powers of observation.
C.Manisha won’t get supportive social relationship.
D.Somya has trouble managing her time effectively.
【小题4】What is the best title of the passage?
A.Build Mutually Supportive relationshipB.Applicable Relationships
C.Pick up Friends Supporting UsD.Relieve the Pressure in Life

Your success as a manager can be determined by how you interact with people. The role of a manager as a leader is an important part of these interactions. Leadership involves influencing colleagues so that they follow a given direction or goal.【小题1】

The first is the “people function”. Here leadership helps to hold a group together and maintain the motivation of the group.【小题2】In this role the leader will ensure the group has sufficient funds to carry out its tasks. So a leader should be seen to have influence both outside the group and within the group.

Next comes the “task function”. Here leadership involves deciding what the tasks of the group of employees are and then making sure that they are carried out successfully.

The third is the “strategic function.” 【小题3】A group of workers that knows what they are trying to achieve will be more efficient and better motivated than a group that doesn’t know what it’s supposed to be doing.

【小题4】For example, how much power the manager has over the group, how well the manager knows the systems present in an organization and how many personal contacts the manager has within the organization.

Good communication is another crucial element to successful leadership. A good leader is aware both of the message to be communicated and of the importance of effective communication to influence members of the group. 【小题5】It is essential to be a role model for the policies you advocate. And remember, always accept responsibility for your mistakes and don’t blame colleagues for things that you do badly. No one is perfect. Just remember this when you interact with colleagues.

A.A leader should act as an ambassador for the group.
B.Leadership here helps with the development of a sense of purpose and direction for the group.
C.It is often stated that leadership has three main functions within groups.
D.A manager’s ability to influence people depends on a range of factors.
E.Networking includes the ability to make and maintain useful contacts.
F.This shows that you are aware of the effort colleagues are putting into their work.
G.A manager’s behavior is a vital component of the message they communicate to colleagues.

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