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On March 15, 2022, Francis Kéré was awarded the Pritzker Prize, otherwise known as the Nobel Prize for architecture, becoming the first African architect ever to obtain this prize.

His path to success was not smooth. When he was 7 years old, Francis Kéré left his family home to attend school because his village, Gando in Burkina Faso, did not have one of its own. Thirteen years later, he moved to Germany on a carpentry scholarship, with a dream of returning home one day to build the classrooms that didn’t exist then. Kéré achieved just that, becoming an architect and completing his first building, Gando Primary School, in 2001.

Casting mud like concrete and using local materials over imported ones, Kéré proposed a particular vision of structure that both strengthens communities and responds to the climate crisis. As such, Tuesday’s Pritzker Prize announcement is not only a nod of approval for him, but for “vernacular” architecture — a term used to describe designs that directly respond to local climates, materials and building traditions — itself. He also let the whole village participate in the design, encouraging them to construct the school, using local wood to press the stone floors and local clay to make bricks. The result was a welcoming structure with a “floating” roof that allows natural winds in a hot climate, and wall openings that bring light for students to learn even without electricity. Mr. Kéré showed the villagers that ideas to deal with climate or other challenges are always at hand.

Though, Kéré has since designed bigger projects, including many national-scale projects differing in size, his approach remains grounded in Gando. “That’s how I’m trying to translate the work I have started in Gando to structures that present national pride,” says the newly-awarded architect.

Kéré will officially be named Pritzker winner at a ceremony in London later this year. As with previous winner, he will be awarded a $ 100,000 grant and a bronze medal.

【小题1】What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?
A.Speak highly of Kéré’s efforts.
B.Introduce Kéré’ s childhood dream.
C.Bring a new topic for discussion.
D.Add some background information.
【小题2】What’s Kéré’s architectural concept?
A.Economizing labour force.
B.Having a fancy appearance.
C.Highlighting sustainability.
D.Using imported building materials.
【小题3】Which can best describe Francis Kéré?
A.Creative and caring.
B.Optimistic and humorous.
C.Humble and ambitious.
D.Stubborn and adventurous.
【小题4】What kind of writing is the text?
A.An award speech.B.A news report.C.A novel.D.A review.
2022·山东济宁·三模
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The cotton harvest is about to get underway in the Texas High Plains, the windswept region that grows most of the crop in the nation’s top cotton-producing state. But Barry Evans, a third-generation cotton grower, has already walked away from more than 2,000 acres (英亩) of his bone-dry fields. “It just didn’t come up. We hardly had anything,” said Evans.

Extreme heat and a lack of rainfall have severely damaged much of this year’s cotton harvest in the U.S., which produces about 35% of the world’s crop. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) forecast that more than 40% of what U.S. farmers planted in the spring would be abandoned because of drought. Nowhere is this more apparent than the flat, dry stretch of Texas. The USDA says Texas cotton farmers are likely to abandon nearly 70% of their spring planting. That has been the worst harvest since 2009.

The region normally receives around 18 to 20 inches of rain per year, but saw less than three inches of rain from August through the summer, as nearly all of Texas baked under drought. Much of the cotton grown in the region needs rain. Even those with irrigated (灌溉的) fields are expecting low yields (产量) this year.

The losses in cotton could cost the Texas High Plains $1.2 billion after farmers receive federal (联邦的) crop insurance payments, estimates Darren Hudson, director of the International Center for Agricultural Competitiveness at Texas Tech University. That leaves out others who depend on the crop, such as cotton gins (轧棉机) and storehouses. “Any time you have a bad year in cotton, it has a role to play in the overall economy,” Hudson said.

Fortunately, most cotton farmers in this part of Texas plan to use cotton seed varieties that can resist drought. Varieties are continuously developed and will be adjusted to generate high yields if dry conditions continue. “Even though it’s drought resistant,” Hudson added, “we still have to have a little bit of help from Mother Nature.”

【小题1】What are the statistics in paragraph 2 mainly about?
A.The impact of extreme weather on U.S. farmers.
B.The world’s cotton distribution.
C.USDA’s measures to address drought.
D.The amount of U.S. cotton harvest in 2009.
【小题2】What does Hudson stress in paragraph 4?
A.Texas is unfriendly to cotton farmers.B.Cotton is vital to the American economy.
C.Farmers depend much on Mother Nature.D.Cotton gins are unaffected by cotton losses.
【小题3】What will cotton farmers most likely do next?
A.Build effective irrigation systems.B.Apply for federal crop insurance.
C.Switch to growing a different crop.D.Use further improved cotton seeds.
【小题4】What can be the best title for the text?
A.Drought pushes cotton prices to a new high.B.The world’s cotton supply keeps falling.
C.Texas cotton takes a hit during drought.D.Drought impacts the quality of cotton.

Sahana Vij, the granddaughter of Indian immigrants, has always been surrounded by food. Her mother taught her to make tasty bread and French toast when she was 5. Now 18, Vij is a self-taught baker who’s sharing her recipes with the world through her new cookbook, Bake Away.

Featuring 20 of her original recipes, Bake Away has been in the works since her first year of high school. It hit the shelves on Oct. 26, 2021. Each recipe in the cookbook is tied to a location. The first, for CPS bread, is inspired by Vij’s memory of picking fruit in her grandfather’s garden in Temescal Valley.

The University of California Irvine first year student intends to major in literary journalism and minor in environmental science, but baking is in her blood. “I want to work at newspapers or magazines and write columns, specifically about the environment. I love to write, but my dream job is to own my own bakery,” Vij says. “That’s really my passion.”

“UCI was a good fit for me because my family is around me,” Vij says. “Family is a really big part of my life — something I can depend on — and I go visit them a lot. Each Bake Away recipe comes from a different city and a different experience I’ve had with my family.”

Her favorite is the U District cake, influenced by the tea she used to share with her mother on their monthly trips to Seattle’s University District. “It’s my whole family’s favorite recipe because it just tastes so good and because we’ve been making it more as a family over the past year. It’s kind of become a family recipe.”

The profits from Bake Away will go to No Kid Hungry, a nonprofit working to end child hunger. “Growing up, my mom and my family were really involved in volunteering, and I always wanted to give back,” Vij says. “I decided to partner with No Kid Hungry, especially because the book involves food.”

【小题1】Why does Vij love baking so much?
A.It brings her money and fame.
B.It is part of her nature and memories.
C.She wants to make her mother happy.
D.She tries to keep the immigrants’ tradition.
【小题2】What contributes to Vij’s book most?
A.Her college education.B.Her courage to challenge.
C.Her sense of responsibility.D.Her good family attachment.
【小题3】What is the best title for the text?
A.Recipe for ChangeB.Power of Love
C.Success of a BookD.Fight for Passion

Although they face the future with a certain degree of anxiety, more than 55 percent of Chinese young people believe that hard work and diligence can improve their prospects, according to a new survey.

Data for the Survey Report on the Social Mentality of Young Chinese Netizens (2022), which was published on Thursday, was abstracted from posts and comments by nearly 5,500 active young Internet users on social media website Sina Weibo and video-sharing website Bilibili over the past two years.It said that many young people devote a great deal of effort toward improving their situation and they prefer not to put too much peer pressure on their counterparts, while they like to offer each other encouragement in their online comments.

Among the youths who clearly expressed anxiety in their social media posts 77 percent of them said they were concerned about their studies and work, while 30 percent were anxious about their health and 18 percent expressed concerns about their appearance. Those with a postgraduate education expressed a higher level of anxiety than those without, according to the survey.

As uncertainties rose in the job market due to the impact of the pandemic over the past three years, many young people expressed concerns about their future career prospects. They hoped to make the right career choices in advance but lacked real experiences in the job market, which intensified their level of anxiety.

Bilibili data shows that videos about various work skills, guidance on writing an apressive resume, and sharing job interview experiences have become increasingly popular on the platform in recent years.

A 31-year old media worker in Shanghai, who wanted to be only identified by her name Hu, said that young people in her age group in big cities face huge pressure such as finding a job with a higher sense of accomplishment and better pay as they climb the career ladder.

“In the meantime, I’m afraid that a better job will scare some potential boyfriends away. This is a dilemma for me. Also, I found from my friends and colleagues that women shoulder higher pressure in terms of appearance compared to men,” she said.

【小题1】What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A.The Chinese youth face the future with anxiety.
B.Chinese young people believe hard work pays off.
C.Chinese young people put pressure on their peers.
D.The Chinese youth find it hard to succeed in job market.
【小题2】According to the survey, where does most anxiety come from?
A.Studies and work.
B.Family background.
C.Health and appearance.
D.Real working experience.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “intensified” mean in paragraph 4?
A.Lowered.B.Increased.C.Contained.D.Maintained.
【小题4】What did the media worker Hu mean?
A.Young men suffer no appearance anxiety in their career.
B.Most of her workmates are facing the same problems as her.
C.It’s difficult to feel a sense of achievement in the well-paid job.
D.Balancing career and relationship means a tough situation to her.

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