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Lia Thomas, a student at the University of Pennsylvania, is an excellent swimmer. She often beats her rivals by tens of seconds, breaking records. Her success is based on three things. One is natural talent. Another is relentless training. And the third is biology. For although she identifies as a woman, Ms Thomas was born male. Since humans cannot change their sex, she remains that way.

On the eve of her biggest competition, Ms Thomas finds herself at the centre of the bad-tempered debate about whether trans-women -- males who identify as women -- should compete in women’s sports. That, in turn, is part of a broader argument: should brute biological facts sometimes override people’s deeply held feelings about their identities?

This newspaper believes it is almost always unfair to allow transgender women to compete in women’s sports. The advantages of male are so big that no amount of training or talent can enable female athletes to overcome them. Florence Griffith Joyner’s 100-metre world record has stood for three decades. A male matching it would not even make it to the Olympics, let alone the final. In 2016, at an American event for high-schoolers, four of the eight boys in the 100-metre final ran faster.

Sports must therefore choose between inclusion and fairness; and they should choose fair play. That does not mean that trans-women would be barred from all sports. One way to make that clear would be to replace the “men’s” and “women’s” categories with “open” and “female” ones. The first would be open to all comers. The second would be restricted on the basis of biology.

Sport is public, and results can be measured objectively. That means the argument that the material facts of biology should sometimes outrank a person’s subjective sense of identity is easier to make. Some of these arguments will be twisted by those who wish trans-people ill. Such prejudice exists, which should be resisted, too. Most of the time, it costs little or nothing to respect people’s choices about how they wish to present themselves. In the rare cases where rights clash, society must weigh the trade-offs sensitively and with open eyes.

【小题1】Which of the following is NOT the reason for Lia’s success?
A.She is a genius in swimming.
B.She devotes herself to swimming around the clock.
C.She has undergone physical enhancement tailored to swimming.
D.Her physical features afford her advantages.
【小题2】The underlined word “override” in paragraph 2 possibly means ________.
A.outweighB.complicateC.dominateD.eliminate
【小题3】The instance of Florence Griffith Joyner in Paragraph 3 is intended to demonstrate ________.
A.no amount of training or talent can enable female athletes to overcome their identities.
B.women’s records pale in comparison with those of male high-schoolers’.
C.in the case of trans-women, being inclusive shouldn’t matter more than fairness.
D.the gender physical gap which is next to impossible for females to conquer.
【小题4】Which of the following is a proper title for the passage?
A.The Legal Rights of Trans-women
B.The Balance between Respect and Fairness
C.Transgender Athletes in the Olympics
D.How to Appropriately Categorize the Olympics
21-22高三下·上海·阶段练习
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The match was nearly over and I was almost on my last legs, when I saw a chance. I picked the ball up from Sally and headed for the German penalty area (罚球区).

“Jess!” I could hear Jules shouting as she ran alongside me. “Pass!”

I looked up and hit the ball forward into space. Jules ran on to it, picked it up and hit the ball into the net. It was just as good as Beckham’s last-minute goal against Greece!

Two minutes later, the referee (裁判) blew the whistle for full-time. A draw.

“Penalties,”Jules said, with a wide smile on her face.

Although it wasn’t usual to finish a friendly with penalties, both sides had decided that it would be a nice idea. Joe came on to the pitch (球场) to give us a quick pep talk. Maybe he wouldn’t choose me.

“OK, Jules, you go first,” Joe said. “Then Mel, Tina, Hannah and-Jess.”I tried not to look relieved that I was last. With any luck I wouldn’t have to take my turn, if the match was decided before that.

The Germans went first and scored. So did Jules. The Germans scored again. So did Mel. After a third German goal, Tina was looking nervous, but she was lucky because her shot went in off the post.

My stomach was turning over and over as Hannah stepped up to take our fourth penalty. If Hannah scored, it would be all down to the last German penalty-taker-and me.

Hannah rolled the ball smoothly into the left-hand corner of the net. I tried to take deep breaths to calm myself down. If the next German player scored, I’d have to take my turn. I closed my eyes, willing her to fail.

A loud roar around the stadium told me that she’d scored. The referee signaled me to come over and with heavy steps I walked over to place the ball on the spot. I was really tired and my legs felt like they were made of lead. Behind me I could hear the girls yelling encouragement.

I made a superhuman effort and ran towards the ball, but even as I hit it, I knew it wasn’t right. I groaned as the ball hit the crossbar and bounced away into the crowd.

【小题1】Why was Jess’s kick compared to the one of Beckham’s?
A.They were both penalty kicks.
B.They both ensured victory of the match.
C.They were both the only goal scored in the match.
D.They were both scored in the last minute of the match.
【小题2】Why was Jess relieved learning that she was the last to take the penalty?
A.She had confidence in herself.
B.They already had the game in their hands.
C.She might not be the one to decide the game.
D.The Germans were not good at penalty kicks.
【小题3】How did Jess feel when she was about to take her penalty?
A.Exhausted and unconfident.
B.Relieved and delighted.
C.Relieved but disappointed.
D.Exhausted but excited.

''Our most beautiful part is our bridge because we can make wind energy by this bridge and our main transportation is used by this bridge. '' The future city competition puts young teens in charge of building a city that can respond to a challenge. This year's challenge is resilience (重建能力) after a natural disaster like an earthquake. The models must be built with recycled materials for less than 100 dollars.

But behind this is some serious engineering. Each group has to present its city's resilience features to the audience and judges. ''The sea walls are made with concrete and steel to reduce the tidal waves impact on the shoreline. '' And it's about more than just infrastructure(基础设施). Judges want to know that you've thought about your citizens, too. ''If someone wants to design a building that's 50 floors, we make an agreement like maybe 20 of them have to be low-income housing. '' Engineering Outreach Group Discover (EOGD) has run the competition for nearly three decades. Director of programs Thea Sahr says it is an effective teaching tool. She tells of one boy who asked his teacher when they would get back to the real learning. ''You know the kind we were just sitting there reading the books and telling you the answers, '' and she said ''well what do you know about storm water that you didn't know last week. What do you know about scale? And you're having a really good time while you're doing it. '' He says this is learning. '' I want to do more of this. ''

The winners take home 7,500 dollars for their school’s science program, and get a trip to a science focused summer camp. This year's winners from Warwick Middle School in Pennsylvania say they also learned real-world skills like dealing with failure. ''The hardest part was trying not to get frustrated when something didn't work. And I think our team members really contributed to that. Communication is key. '' Listen, when you're building a city, engineering is just part of it.

【小题1】What does ''we'' refer to in the first paragraph?
A.Teen competitors.B.School boys.
C.College students.D.Engineers
【小题2】What's the purpose of the competition according to Thea Sahr?
A.To increase students' communication skills.
B.To allow students to experience the work of engineers.
C.To strength the friendship between students.
D.To offer students a different way of learning.
【小题3】What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.The winners can share the 7,500.
B.The winners can take part in all kinds of summer camps.
C.The biggest challenge for the team is using the knowledge of engineering.
D.The participants can learn a lot besides engineering.
【小题4】What is the best title for the text?
A.Building City of the Future: A Way of Out School Learning
B.Nature: An Outdoor Classroom
C.EOGD: A Middle School Reform
D.The City of Future: the Place Full of Imagination

I'm Dina Asher-Smith. Growing in Orpington, southeast London, I love being the hunter. The one in pursuit. In training, I'll latch on to the boys and chase them down. Even when I was younger, I tended to race girls who were older than me-at 17 I was racing 30-year-olds. It's where I'm comfortable. But the hunter can go on to become the hunted. And this year at the World Athletics Championships in Doha, Qatar, I won gold in the 200m. At 23, I became the first British woman to win a world championship sprinting (短跑) title.The morning after the race, I was in the media tent and was told that I'd been mentioned in the Parliament.

Track and field is a mental game.You're in your own little world, competing to be the person who can run the fastest in a straight line. My job is to take my body to a place where I think it can't do any more and then keep going. To do that, I need to know my strengths and weaknesses. People get caught up in embarrassment or shame when they're not good at something, but I just don't have that in me. I do have a voice in my head that tells me if I'm not good at things, but it doesn't make me feel negative about myself. I use it to identify where I can improve and then I just keep going to training every day.

I've inherited personality traits from my parents that help me in my career. My mum is excitable and when I'm on the track, I have her fire-wanting to go for everything. I always know when I finish a race that I can turn around and find her in the front row, jumping up and down. My dad is more reserved. He has a cool exterior and that's useful for me when I need calmness. I know to look for him a few rows behind my mum. They gave me opportunities to try whatever I was interested in. When I wanted to try golf, my dad bought me cut-down clubs and had me attempting to putt balls (推球入洞)in the back garden. My mum used to play hockey with me outside the house. They took me to so many clubs and classes.

I started training with my coach, John Blackie, in my mid-teens. We met when I was eight as he ran the kids academy at my running club. Along with my parents, the three of them always emphasized that they just wanted me to be happy. They never pushed me too early. And, as I've got older, I've realized that's unique.When running became serious, I knew that if it all stopped being fun for me, I could stop doing it. They put Dina the person before Dina the runner. Yes, the public might be disappointed and the newspapers might have a pop (抨击), but my parents and friends are still going to love me, and my coach is still going to be there. That knowledge allows me to stay relaxed under pressure.

Being as prepared as I can be is crucial as it keeps me calm and able to deliver in the moment.When I was studying history at university, I'd choose exams over coursework because I knew I could put the work in and perform under pressure. I was studying heavy things every day, like people facing prejudice because of their skin,or women sacrificing their lives for others to have the right to vote. It made me realize how lucky I am that the thing that gets me most frustrated is somebody beating me on the track.While, yes, I make sacrifices-some easy, such as not drinking and going out, and some harder, like restricting the food that I eat-ultimately, what I do is entertainment.

Everyone's asking me about Tokyo Olympics, but I'm more focused on today. It's important for me to keep my hopes and dreams separate from other people's. I'm grateful everybody wants me to do well, but my next step has to be for me, not anyone else.

【小题1】What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.Asher-Smith is the victim of the sprinting world.
B.Asher-Smith becomes the focus of media coverage.
C.Asher-Smith now runs faster than those she chased.
D.Asher-Smith is no match for older racers in competitions.
【小题2】How does Asher-Smith deal with her weakness?
A.She keeps reminding herself of it.
B.She keeps training to overcome it.
C.She chooses to ignore it completely.
D.She often gets caught in a dilemma.
【小题3】In Asher-Smith's growth, her parents       .
A.changed their personalities
B.coached her in various sports
C.strengthened their family status
D.helped her explore her interests
【小题4】The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 indicates that Asher-Smith's parents and coach       .
A.prioritize her personal well-being
B.justify her failure to continue running
C.put her interests above the other runners
D.shelter her from the criticism of the media
【小题5】What impact does her university life have on her?
A.It makes her lead a cosy life today.
B.It allows her to face prejudice bravely.
C.It enables her to be better prepared as an athlete.
D.It inspires her to fight for women' s human rights.
【小题6】What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.What it takes to be a gold medal sprinter.
B.Why it is hard to rise to fame in sprinting.
C.Who one can turn to in pursuit of the dream.
D.How parents discipline a sprinting champion.

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