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Aesthetic thought (美学思想, 审美理念) of a distinctively modern art emerged during the 18th century. The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention to such matters as natural beauty, the purity, and representation—a trend ______ the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature.______ that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more famous and has begun to ______ the philosophy of nature. Various issues ______ to the philosophy of art have had a ______ impact on the or 20th-century aesthetics. Among these are problems relating to the theory of form of art and to the distinction between representation and expression. Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value of art. Two ______ theoretical positions have taken on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a ______ to some recognized moral good,______ the other maintains that art is in itself valuable and an end. Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste, one of the basic concerns of aesthetics. In recent years there has also been an increasing preoccupation with art as the prime object of critical judgement. Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought,______ have followed either of two approaches. In one criticism is ______ to the analysis and interpretation of the work of art.______, it is devoted to the response to the aesthetic object and to justifying a particular way of perceiving it.

Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a ______ field of knowledge and inquiry. The ______ of contemporary aesthetic include such problems as the nature of style and its aesthetic significance; the relation of aesthetic judgement to culture; the relevance of psychology ______ the criticism of art; and the place of aesthetic judgement in ______ reasoning in the conduct of everyday affairs.

【小题1】
A.leadingB.conductingC.takingD.reflecting
【小题2】
A.SinceB.ForC.AtD.Before
【小题3】
A.transplantB.transmitC.displaceD.replace
【小题4】
A.chiefB.centralC.mainD.prior
【小题5】
A.remarkedB.markedC.regradedD.considered
【小题6】
A.opposingB.similarC.sameD.confusing
【小题7】
A.methodB.meansC.mindD.moral
【小题8】
A.andB.orC.thoughD.while
【小题9】
A.artistsB.authoritiesC.criticsD.psychologists
【小题10】
A.owingB.usedC.opposedD.restricted
【小题11】
A.In the otherB.In anotherC.On the otherD.For another
【小题12】
A.narrowB.broadC.visualD.moral
【小题13】
A.consequencesB.moralsC.concernsD.believes
【小题14】
A.toB.onC.forD.by
【小题15】
A.theoreticalB.idealC.technicalD.practical
20-21高三下·上海·期中
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Nancy Beiman was 65. When she was considering retirement from her job as a professor of animation, she had no _________ how she would fill her days. _________ this, she woke up one day with the idea for a comic strip (连环画).

Beiman had been doing her animation mostly on computers but for this new idea, she _________ to drawing characters on paper. The _________ was FurBabies, a series about a mixed family of dogs, a cat and a child who can all speak the same language.

Beiman wasn’t planning on _________ with the idea until she showed them to her friend, the cartoonist Lynn Johnston, who thought _________ of the drawings and gave her advice on how to develop little scripts (脚本).

Obviously, as a professional animator, Beiman was no _________ to working with larger-than-life characters. Even so, she says the _________ from animation to comics wasn’t as easy as it sounds. “Comic strips are about illustrating verbal humour while animation _________ moving images and does not depend on dialogue.”

Following her friend’s __________, she wrote 24 mini-scripts. A few months later, she __________ them to the website GoComics and successfully got __________.

One __________ of moving into comics, Beiman believes, is that it offers some protection from “incredibly ageist” animation studios which __________ to develop stories from younger people. __________, even at 90 you can still do comics. The great thing is, if you can keep drawing, you can keep going.

【小题1】
A.clueB.optionC.luckD.prediction
【小题2】
A.Dreaming ofB.Insisting onC.Puzzling overD.Missing out
【小题3】
A.referredB.returnedC.objectedD.admitted
【小题4】
A.conceptB.resultC.phenomenonD.proof
【小题5】
A.agreeingB.experimentingC.interactingD.continuing
【小题6】
A.highlyB.lightlyC.logicallyD.curiously
【小题7】
A.jokerB.cheaterC.strangerD.talker
【小题8】
A.escapeB.separationC.exchangeD.switch
【小题9】
A.involvesB.avoidsC.risksD.resists
【小题10】
A.exampleB.guidanceC.heartD.passion
【小题11】
A.giftedB.savedC.distributedD.submitted
【小题12】
A.refusedB.inspiredC.signedD.promoted
【小题13】
A.challengeB.upsideC.honorD.possibility
【小题14】
A.promiseB.tendC.proceedD.fail
【小题15】
A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.However

Cartoonist Charles Schulz, the man who brought us Charlie Brown, Snoopy (史努比) and the whole Peanuts gang (花生漫画) and happiness, would be turning 100 on Nov, 26, 2022.

But the_________he created and developed over the course of five decades still exist in the form of reruns (重播),_________ TV specials, a movie and a museum dedicated to Schulz’s work. So does the_________they provide.

Schulz’s widow, Jeannie Schulz and the director of the Charles M. Schulz Museum, Gina Huntsinger, spoke to Morning Edition about Schulz’s life and_________, which Huntsinger calls “pervasive” (无处不在). Huntsinger says Schulz has had a(n)_________influence, from_________the term “security blanket” to inspiring Peanuts fans from around the world to visit the _________. The most common_________she gets from its website is that people feel comforted by revisiting something nostalgic (怀旧的) that still makes them_________.

Jeannie Schulz offers another__________for the comic’s lasting and widespread__________. “He wrote about __________ emotions that kids are feeling, and it’s always__________with a little bit of humor,” she says. “Anybody can read that comic strip in four seconds and get comfort from it, because it talks about humanity.”

Aesthetically (美学上地), Schulz’s lines were simple, using only what was necessary to tell the story. And __________, Huntsinger says, he was a__________.

【小题1】
A.charactersB.hobbiesC.technologiesD.programs
【小题2】
A.confirmedB.originalC.belovedD.bearable
【小题3】
A.trustB.interestC.dutyD.comfort
【小题4】
A.educationB.legacyC.courageD.family
【小题5】
A.indirectB.slightC.globalD.competitive
【小题6】
A.popularizingB.replacingC.invitingD.accepting
【小题7】
A.movieB.cityC.manD.museum
【小题8】
A.issueB.commentC.courageD.faith
【小题9】
A.confidentB.weepC.laughD.awkward
【小题10】
A.vehicleB.explanationC.meansD.direction
【小题11】
A.guideB.appealC.helpD.service
【小题12】
A.realB.shallowC.silentD.terrible
【小题13】
A.registeredB.soldC.movedD.delivered
【小题14】
A.occasionallyB.consciouslyC.creativelyD.negatively
【小题15】
A.geniusB.cartoonistC.reporterD.businessman

Society has certain standards for beauty. But Romanian photographer Mihaela Noroc, who spent nearly four years shooting_______of women from around the world, is_______these standards.

She believes that beauty can_______many forms. “Beauty just means being_______,” Noroc told NPR. “I don’t think we have to_______ourselves to be in a certain way; I think we just have to keep ourselves_______we are and don’t necessarily need to change.”

_______by a trip to Africa in 2013, Noroc has traveled to more than 50 countries and regions since then. In 2017, she compiled a book called The Atlas of Beauty: Women of the World in 500 Portraits to show how many different kinds of _______ there are in the world. A new_______of her book has recently caused heated discussion on social media.

From a__________Russian dancer to a talkative cafe owner in New York, Noroc’s subjects__________her in deep conversation. Noroc found out what moves them, what their daily struggles and joys are, and what brings beauty into their own lives. “Wherever I go, it’s the women that________ all the culture and traditions of a place. I________try to focus on women’s stories, how they face challenges and overcome them,” Noroc told CNN.

Her encounter with Ala, a student at a self-defense school in Jordan called “She Fighter”, left a ________impression on her. Ala raises her fists as she looks into the________while her face is covered by a white hijab (面纱). Noroc describes She Fighter as “the first self-defense school for women in the Arab world”, and writes, “I discovered a(n)________initiative(主动性) and a splendid sisterhood.”

In Iran, Noroc met Norocmet Farnoush, a woman who lives in________worlds. “In one she is an economist, ________profession. In the other, she is an artist, because this is her ________”. For Noroc, the women’s beauty lies in how________and comfortable they appear while just being themselves.

【小题1】
A.targetsB.concernsC.outlinesD.portraits
【小题2】
A.appealingB.refreshingC.challengingD.deleting
【小题3】
A.take onB.focus onC.fold upD.turn out
【小题4】
A.itselfB.yourselfC.himselfD.herself
【小题5】
A.adaptB.caterC.acknowledgeD.change
【小题6】
A.asB.thatC.whoD.how
【小题7】
A.AdvocatedB.InspiredC.StimulatedD.Privileged
【小题8】
A.traditionB.photographerC.schoolD.beauty
【小题9】
A.headlineB.reactionC.editionD.catalogue
【小题10】
A.strugglingB.confusingC.disappointingD.enterprising
【小题11】
A.employedB.engagedC.enabledD.emphasized
【小题12】
A.performB.seekC.carryD.spread
【小题13】
A.onlyB.originallyC.readilyD.really
【小题14】
A.concreteB.lastingC.subjectiveD.vague
【小题15】
A.cameraB.bookC.caféD.screen
【小题16】
A.demandingB.decreasingC.amazingD.abusing
【小题17】
A.falseB.explicitC.validD.two
【小题18】
A.afterB.byC.beneathD.with
【小题19】
A.passionB.contributionC.substitutionD.ambition
【小题20】
A.dynamicB.nobleC.naturalD.elegant

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