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Jacques-Yves Cousteau’s love of water started at an early age. Born on 11 June, 1910 in Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France, by the age of just four he’d already learned to swim. Though he was pretty bad at school, he had a gift for understanding mechanical objects. As a teenager, he bought a movie camera, took it apart to understand how it worked and then put it back together again. He used it to create home movies.

In 1930, Jacques joined the French Naval Academy and planned to become a pilot, but three years later he had a car accident and got injured. To regain his power, doctors suggested that he swim, and during his travels with the French Navy in 1936 a friend gave him some goggles (护目镜) to help him see underwater. His plans to take to the sky might have been killed but luckily his eyes were opened to a magical world under the sea.

In 1950, Jacques got hold of an old British warship and turned it into a research vessel (船) that he named the RV Calypso. He used it to sail around the world and as a base for exploring underwater habitats and shipwrecks (遇难船) — from the Antarctic to the Amazon. But he soon realized that to collect money for his research he needed to get the public interested, so he began writing books and making TV series about his adventures. He finally won three Oscars for his films.

In the 1960s, Jacques joined in three futuristic projects to build underwater labs, nicknamed Conshelf Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. And in 1963 he and five other researchers spent 30 days living under the sea! During his many explorations, Jacques began to notice the harm humans were doing to the sea, so in 1973 he set up the Cousteau Society for the Protection of Ocean Life.

Jacques spent the rest of his life supporting environmental causes such as banning whale hunting. He died in 1997, but will always be remembered for his pioneering underwater exploration!

【小题1】What opened the door for Jacques to explore the sea?
A.His experience of learning to swim.B.His experience of traveling with the French Navy.
C.His doctor’s encouragement.D.His friend’s suggestions.
【小题2】Why did Jacques start to write books?
A.To afford his trip to Britain.B.To follow his dreams of filming.
C.To raise money for his research.D.To share his trips with the public.
【小题3】What did Jacques find when he explored the sea?
A.Humans knew little about the sea.
B.Humans had harmed the sea a lot.
C.Humans did a great job in protecting the sea.
D.Humans should be spending more money on researching the sea.
【小题4】This text is mainly developed by ______.
A.following the time orderB.making comparisons
C.examining differencesD.giving examples
21-22高二下·重庆·期中
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“I see you've got a bit of water on your coat, ” said the man at the petrol station. “Is it raining out there?”“No,   it's pretty nice,”I replied,checking my sleeve. “Oh,right. A pony(马驹) bite me earlier. ”

As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I'd jumped in ahead of him.

The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite signs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area's annual pony drift(迁移).

The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stopped from feeding on their mother's milk, and those who've gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.

Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few miles west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor's Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again.

Dartmoor has 1, 000 or so ponies,   who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的)future for one of Dartmoor's most financially-troubled elements.

【小题1】Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?
A.To protect the tourists from being bitten.
B.To keep the ponies off the petrol station.
C.To avoid putting the ponies in danger.
D.To prevent the ponies from fighting.
【小题2】One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is________.
A.to feed baby ponies on milkB.to control the number of ponies
C.to expand the habitat for poniesD.to sell the ponies at a good price
【小题3】What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor's ponies?
A.It lacks people's involvement.B.It costs a large amount of money.
C.It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.D.It has caused an imbalance of species.

Have you imagined that planting trees can make a big difference? People say that one man can’t make a difference, but Abdul Samad Sheikh, a 60-year-old rickshaw (人力车) driver from Bangladesh, has proved that doing a small thing over a long period of time can mean very much. He has planted at least one tree every day since he was 12 years old, which means that he has so far planted a small forest of over 17,500 trees. Imagine if everyone followed his example.

Abdul has worked as a rickshaw driver for most of his life. He makes a little money from his job, which is only enough to put food on the table for his family, but he somehow tries to also buy at least one tree every day. He considers it his duty to the world. Mostly he plants them on government land so nobody can cut them down later. He also waters them, and if he sees anyone cutting a tree, he blames them.

Abdul, his wife Jorna, and four of their children live in two old houses, on a piece of land that is owned by the Faridpur deputy commissioner’s office. They have no land of their own.

Sometimes, she commands him not to plant trees but he doesn’t listen. Abdul’s 30-year-old son, Kutub Uddin, has never told his father not to plant trees, because he thinks his father does a good thing for society.

Abdul’s neighbors all know about his daily habit, and praise his work. Whoever can ask of him anything, he will do his best to help. Therefore, Abdul is loved by neighbors.

For his efforts, Abdul Samad Sheikh was recently honored by The Daily Star, and given $1,253 to help him build a better home for his family. The Daily Star wished everyone to follow his example, and protect the environment.

“I can’t do it alone. I need the help of you all,” Abdul said in his speech.

【小题1】What do we know about Abdul?
A.He doesn’t support his family.B.He plants trees with his own money.
C.He makes a living by doing different jobs.D.He plants trees to win his neighbors’ praise.
【小题2】Why does Abdul plant trees on government land?
A.To get money from government.
B.To set a good example to people.
C.To protect them from being cut down.
D.To get a place from government to build his own house.
【小题3】Which of the following can best describe Abdul?
A.Poor but helpful.B.Rich and reliable.
C.Uncaring and stupid.D.Active but dishonest.
【小题4】What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.Driving a rickshaw.B.Planting trees.
C.Making big money.D.Building a better home.

For many years, Bruce Bexler dreamed of going where no human had gone before. He wanted to cut a path through unexplored lands and discover rare, exotic species.

That might sound like an impossible dream, but Bexler turned it into a reality.

In December 2015, he and a team of Australian and American scientists ventured into an isolated tropical rain forest on the island of New Guinea. They were the first people ever to enter the mist-covered region. “As time was limited, we were dropped in by helicopter. Once we were on the ground, there were no trails anywhere; it was really hard to get around,” Bexler says.

Within minutes of landing, the team spotted a black chicken-like bird with strange orange skin hanging from its neck. The scientists soon determined that the unusual creature was a type of honeyeater — the first new bird species to be sighted on New Guinea in 60 years.

The honeyeater wasn’t the only surprise for the scientists. They discovered more than 40 previously unknown plant and animal species — 13 birds of paradise, 20 frogs, four butterflies, and five palms. “We were like kids in a candy store,” Bexler recalls. “Everywhere we looked, we saw amazing things we had never seen before.”

The newfound species didn’t shy away from the scientists. Two long-nosed echidnas — primitive egg-laying mammals — let the visitors pick them up and take them back to camp to study them. An echidna looks like a hedgehog and is also called a spiny anteater.

Bexler thinks the animals weren’t scared because they had never seen humans before. “In almost all parts of New Guinea, animals are hunted for food, and because of this, they are very cautious of people,” he explains. “This area gives scientists a place where they can go to study the behaviours of animals that have not yet learned to be afraid of people.”

Scientists believe the area is probably the largest untouched forest in Asia. Local people called Kwerba hunt and collect plants from the outer-edges of the forest but told Bexler that not even their ancestors had gone so far into the woods. The wooded area is approximately a 10-day walk from the nearest village.

Bexler and his team did not have enough time during the expedition to study the area completely. They hope to return and expect to record many more undiscovered species. “We just scratched the surface,” Bexler says. “Anyone who goes there will come back with a mystery.”

【小题1】Which word best describes Bruce Bexler?
A.Adventurous.B.Cautious.
C.Optimistic.D.Thorough.
【小题2】What does Bruce Bexler mean in Paragraph 5 when he says the scientists “were like kids in a candy store”?
A.They didn’t have enough food and were hungry.
B.They were very excited about what they saw.
C.They were misbehaving like naughty children.
D.They knew that if they kept searching, they’d find sugar.
【小题3】Why did some of the animals allow the scientists to pick them up?
A.The scientists seemed to be very friendly.
B.The scientists were skilled in handling animals.
C.The animals had been well-trained by the local people.
D.The animals had no experience or fear of people.
【小题4】What can we conclude about the area Bruce Bexler explored?
A.The best way to explore the area is by helicopter.
B.The area has not been visited by scientists for many years.
C.The area still contains many plants and animals unknown to science.
D.The locals are unwilling to allow the scientists to enter the deep woods.

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