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Dogs have facial expressions to use on humans

Scientists have discovered that dogs produce more facial movement when a human is paying attention to them—including making their eyes appear bigger—than when they _________(ignore).

This new research goes _________ the belief that animal facial expressions are largely unconscious reflections of internal feelings—rather than a way to communicate.

“Facial expression is often seen as _______ driven by emotion, instead of something that animals can change _______(depend) on their circumstances,” said Bridget Waller, professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Portsmouth, and an author of the study.

The research joins a number of studies exploring the extraordinary relationship between humans and their dogs, including some research that suggests that dogs understand not only words spoken by humans—but also the tone of voice.

A study published _________ Scientific Reports describes the use of a video camera to record the facial movement of 24 dogs. In this experiment, humans _________ faced the animals, or faced away, and presented the dog with tasty food, or did not.

The recordings were then examined by the team frame by frame _______ (determine) changes in the facial muscles of the dogs. The results reveal that the dogs produced far more facial expressions when the humans were facing them,   _________ when they turned away.

“The research tells us that their facial expressions are probably responsive to humans—not just to other dogs,” said Waller. He also said that it told us something about how domestication had shaped dogs, and _______ it had changed them so that they __________ be more communicative with humans.

【小题1】
A.are being ignoredB.have been ignoredC.were ignoredD.will be ignored
【小题2】
A.beyondB.withinC.againstD.without
【小题3】
A.anythingB.somethingC.thatD.whatever
【小题4】
A.to dependB.dependedC.having dependedD.depending
【小题5】
A.onB.byC.forD.in
【小题6】
A.whetherB.unlessC.eitherD.when
【小题7】
A.determinedB.to determineC.determiningD.to have determined
【小题8】
A.orB.thanC.notD.as
【小题9】
A.thatB.whyC.whetherD.where
【小题10】
A.couldB.canC.wouldD.will
21-22高二下·上海闵行·期中
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The morning was dark and cold. Stars twinkled down from the sky and a half _______was still hanging there. “Varrow, wake up,” Gramps whispered,_______me gently, “It’s sea turtle time.” I rubbed my eyes and_______my way in the dark, dizzy and woozy. Then, the repeated “sea turtle time”_______me completely.

Gramps and I_______our heavy waterproof boots over our pajamas and threw rain jackets on our shoulders_______. I pushed the front door open and ran out onto the_______, Gramps not far behind. There, I held my_______. Thousands of baby sea turtles were_______out on the endless stretch of sand and racing to the ocean. We took in the amazing scene________. But Gramps and I weren’t there just to watch. We had a________.

________, we made our way through the mess of broken shells and the little lovely sea turtles to________those that needed help. Soon enough, I________one. A baby turtle was flipped (翻转) on its back,________to roll over no matter how hard it kicked its legs. Reaching my hand down, I gently picked the fragile baby up and flipped it over and got it right back to its________to the ocean. “Nice job, Varrow.” Gramps patted me on the shoulder, his eyes twinkling and his mouth stretching into a smile. I felt a rush of pride and became even more________because of Gramps’ compliment for the next few hours. By 7:00, the last sea turtles had crawled into the water and we finally sat down on the soft sand,________. We couldn't be more satisfied with our hard work.

As the sun rose from the horizon, golden beams of sunlight stretching ever outwards onto the deep________. The colourful world woke up. What a________for those in their deep sleep! They missed the amazing natural gifts right under their nose.

【小题1】
A.sunB.moonC.rayD.shadow
【小题2】
A.wavingB.movingC.shakingD.observing
【小题3】
A.feltB.pushedC.changedD.made
【小题4】
A.coveredB.awokeC.struckD.surrounded
【小题5】
A.relied onB.gave awayC.pulled onD.kicked off
【小题6】
A.hurriedlyB.formallyC.awkwardlyD.unwillingly
【小题7】
A.boardB.boatC.squareD.beach
【小题8】
A.attentionB.breathC.strengthD.records
【小题9】
A.hatchingB.breakingC.sleepingD.sliding
【小题10】
A.in responseB.in detailC.in horrorD.in wonder
【小题11】
A.missionB.restC.curiosityD.secret
【小题12】
A.HopefullyB.LuckilyC.CarefullyD.Confidently
【小题13】
A.dig outB.take awayC.pass byD.search for
【小题14】
A.realisedB.releasedC.stoppedD.spotted
【小题15】
A.uncertainB.unableC.strugglingD.managing
【小题16】
A.shellB.desireC.journeyD.space
【小题17】
A.comfortableB.independentC.touchedD.motivated
【小题18】
A.exhaustedB.curiousC.defeatedD.astonished
【小题19】
A.redB.blueC.islandD.ground
【小题20】
A.surpriseB.reliefC.pityD.passion

The elephant is the biggest four-legged animal in the world. It is also, perhaps, the gentlest (温顺的), _________ not always.

Elephants are like us in some ways. They _________ for a long time — fifty for sixty years. They can _________ things very well. They never forget great sadness or great happiness. A female (雌的) elephant _________ , her daughter and her grand-daughters are sad for many months. They stay with the dead _________. Then they carry a bit of it away with them. They never forget a _________ friend.

Elephants are like us, but they are also _________ . They live in families: families of females (母系家族). There will be a few young males (雄的) — a few “baby boy”. But they will soon be _________ away by their mothers or sisters. An elephant family _________ only its daughters, mothers and grandmothers. And its great grandmothers.

The females stay together for fifty, sixty…a hundred years. The older animals __________the young ones. The mothers teach their daughters and set a good example.

And __________happens to male elephants? Well, the young males stay with their mothers for a time. Then they must __________ the family. The females just send them away. A bull (雄的) elephant does not often have a friend. He lives __________ ; away from the family, and often away from the females, and often away from other bulls.

Sometimes the females call a bull. He can __________ them then, and they stay for a time. But soon his “wives” and sisters send him away again. The females have a very __________ family life. What do the bulls think about it? We don’t know.

【小题1】
A.andB.butC.soD.yet
【小题2】
A.playB.workC.liveD.sleep
【小题3】
A.rememberB.practiseC.talkD.change
【小题4】
A.is hurtB.is caughtC.losesD.dies
【小题5】
A.headB.legsC.bodyD.feet
【小题6】
A.terribleB.badC.youngD.dead
【小题7】
A.differentB.sameC.specialD.popular
【小题8】
A.thrownB.sentC.kickedD.posted
【小题9】
A.hopesB.keepsC.allowsD.frightens
【小题10】
A.look atB.carry outC.look afterD.take away
【小题11】
A.howB.whoC.whichD.what
【小题12】
A.leaveB.stayC.hearD.walk
【小题13】
A.sadlyB.hardC.aloneD.noisily
【小题14】
A.visitB.beatC.hideD.receive
【小题15】
A.dangerousB.happyC.beautifulD.clever

That was when my son was 6 years old. My son is now 22 but whenever I look at him even as a grown man, I remember the small child with _______ .

Our cat was ______to give birth. And like all young children, my son was very interested in the birth of the babies. During the following week, he never stopped ________me for a chance to witness it. At last, I agreed. I answered all his questions and prepared him the best _____he might not be shocked or frightened.

That _____when my son arrived home, one baby cat had been born. He was so_______at what he saw that he would put his hand on the mother cat’s stomach and feel the other babies ______ . When the mother cat began to ______   very loudly, it was clear that the second baby was on its way. My son ______ but never said a word. Then he asked me, “Mum, why does she cry so loudly when the baby comes?” I _________that it was not a hurtful pain but a pain of great pleasure_______the mother.

When the______of the third baby was coming by the crying of the mother cat, my son ______ hugged (拥抱) me with tears ____ his face, saying, “Mum, I’m sorry for the _____I brought you to have me.” My heart almost stopped. With a(n) _________choice of words, I told him that his birth had brought me______but smiles, and that I would like to ______ it 100 times.

Now my son is a grown man, but he always _________that night, for it was on that night that he finally   _______ what the word “love” meant.

【小题1】
A.smilesB.tearsC.interestD.care
【小题2】
A.willingB.determinedC.readyD.upset
【小题3】
A.beggingB.searchingC.thankingD.commanding
【小题4】
A.unlessB.untilC.as ifD.so that
【小题5】
A.morningB.afternoonC.noonD.night
【小题6】
A.amazedB.frightenedC.angryD.sad
【小题7】
A.jumpingB.sleepingC.movingD.growing
【小题8】
A.laughB.coughC.cryD.shout
【小题9】
A.watchedB.noticedC.foundD.responded
【小题10】
A.realizedB.explainedC.expressedD.added
【小题11】
A.inB.withC.onD.for
【小题12】
A.lossB.birthC.performanceD.protection
【小题13】
A.suddenlyB.peacefullyC.actuallyD.naturally
【小题14】
A.calming downB.rolling downC.setting downD.turning down
【小题15】
A.painB.trialC.crueltyD.violence
【小题16】
A.hopefulB.carefulC.uselessD.informal
【小题17】
A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything
【小题18】
A.join inB.suffer fromC.dream ofD.go through
【小题19】
A.regretsB.remembersC.ignoresD.prefers
【小题20】
A.understoodB.decidedC.admittedD.doubted

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