In recent years, the Yi Jin Jing exercise has gained great popularity among Chinese of all ages, thanks to Jin Yong’s novels and the Shaolin Temple in Central China’s Henan province, which has promoted kung fu techniques, including Yi Jin Jing, vigorously(蓬勃地) at home and abroad. There are more than 60 types of Yi Jin Jing exercises spreading in contemporary China, differing in lengths, gestures and movements. Thousands of health and fitness clubs in the country have been teaching classical techniques, Yi Jin Jing being the most favored course.

In ancient times, average people did the Yi Jin Jing exercise for health and longevity(长寿) , But kung fu masters do it in different and more difficult ways, hoping to hugely improve their physical abilities. For example,when it comes to breathing, a normal person, especially a beginner, would be advised to take a safe and comfortable approach. But kung fu masters would use an opposite deep breathing technique when doing Yi Jin Jing. They would breathe in deeply, then hold their breath while trying to lengthen certain muscles and tendons(筋), and in the end they would relax and breathe out very slowly.

It is widely believed that Zong Heng, a monk in Ming Dynasty, invented the Yi Jin Jing qigong exercise while he lived in a cave on Mt. Zining, where Zhangjiajing village is located.

In 2016,the Tiantai county people’s government in East China’s Zhejiang province officially declared Pingqiao, a mountainous town, as “Yi Jin Jing Township”, with Zhangjiajing village at its center. At least 30,000 local residents in and around the “Yi Jin Jing Township” have learned to perform the so-called Zining YiJin Jing qigong exercise. They put on massive performances for tourists. Yi Jin Jing training courses, coupled with hillside camping, sightseeing, local foods, have brought great benefit to the previously poor county.

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The garden is one of the important types of architectural art. It is essentially aimed at organizing an environment rich in character and interest and full of the beauty of artistic conception through the so-called four gardening elements including mountains, rivers, structures and plants, as well as the organic components such as roads, interior settings. In comparison to ordinary structures, the spiritual character of gardens is more outstanding, and it requires that artists have greater and higher ingenuity and imagination．

Compared with other gardening systems of the world, such as European or Islamic Chinese gardens have their unusual national characteristics: (1) Paying attention to natural beauty. Chinese gardens carry out processing and transformation of the original terrain and land form by following the principle of “making it seem like nature”, or seem naturally formed, so as to satisfy people’s feeling of getting close to nature. The buildings in gardens do not focus on artificial, well-arranged patterns, but rather they follow the example of roadside or riverside pavilions and bridges and village buildings that closely integrate the countryside with natural mountains and rivers, becoming a total combination of architectural and natural beauty. (2) Pursuing many twists and turns. Nature itself is ever-changing and interesting. Chinese horticulturists who imitate nature necessarily make efforts to follow changing, free-style composition. Although nature does not have a fixed form, it has a fixed way. Therefore, the “freedom” pursued by the Chinese garden is not absolute. There exists strict ways and methods, only they are not geometric methods but natural ones. The operation of the garden requires even more genius and imagination than the regular composition of a picture. It is of a completely different system compared with the Western landscape gardening theory which “force nature to accept the symmetrical rules”- and stresses the symmetrical pattern, straight roads, regular flower beds and ponds, the carpet pattern-like lawns and trees cut into a geometric shape. (3) Advocating artistic conception. The beautiful environment created by Chinese horticulturists does not stop at the stage of formal beauty, but tries to express inward feeling through outward scenery. Therefore, the creation of the appreciation of gardens is a process of full, deep-seated feeling. At the time of creation, one describe the scenery with one’s feeling, while at the time of appreciation, the natural setting stirs up one’s feeling. This atmosphere of combining feeling with scenery is what is called artistic conception. The key to the high or low level and success or failure in the creation of Chinese gardens depends on the cultural level, and the high or low level and the interest of the creator. Chinese horticulture began in the Qin Dynasty, and two royal garden construction upsurges occurred during the Qin/Han and Sui/Tang dynasties. Private gardens saw great development during the Tang and Song dynasties, and entered the summary stage in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The achievements in gardening during the Qing Dynasty are worth still greater attention, representing an important part of the third development upsurge in Chinese architecture. Almost all of the existing gardens were: preserved during this age. The remaining royal gardens are near Beijing, while private gardens of a higher artistic level are mostly concentrated in areas south of the Yangtze River. They consist the two major schools of Chinese gardening.(556 words)

British people are famous for apologizing in almost every situation. 【小题1】

We Brits pride ourselves on our polite manners towards one another in public. As a result, we often use the word “sorry” quite a lot—even when we don’t really mean it! Usually, if you want to ask a stranger for the time, you would start by saying “【小题2】 Do you know what time it is?” If you are five minutes late for an appointment, you would generally greet the person by saying “Sorry I’m late!”

【小题3】 But the two main dictionary definitions(定义) of “sorry” are: 1)feeling sad for someone else because of their problems or misfortunes   2)feeling regret because you’ve done something wrong. Now, think about this. When you ask a stranger a question, you start with “sorry to disturb you”. 【小题4】

So what does “sorry” really mean? And why do Brits use it so much? Well, in British culture, saying “sorry” is way to be polite. 【小题5】 So maybe saying “sorry” is not just being polite, but it is also a clever method to get what you want too.