Tomake artificial intelligence that can reason and apply knowledge flexibly, man-组卷网

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To make artificial intelligence that can reason and apply knowledge flexibly, many researchers are focused on fresh ideas from neuroscience (神经科学). Should they be looking to psychology too? Researchers are working to develop new AI systems that can figure out simple abstract relations between objects and the reason behind them as effortlessly as a human brain.

Artificial intelligence has come a long way. In recent years, smart machines inspired by the human brain have shown superhuman abilities in games like chess and Go, proved remarkably expert at imitating some of our language skills. But with various other aspects of what we might reasonably call human intelligence — reasoning, understanding causality (因果关系), applying knowledge flexibly, to name a few — AIs still struggle. They are also inefficient learners, requiring large amounts of data where humans need only a few examples.

Some researchers think all we need to bridge the gap is ever larger AIs, while others want to turn back to nature’s blueprint. One path is to double down on efforts to copy the brain, better replicating (复制) the intricacies of real brain cells and the ways their activity is arranged. But the brain is the most complex object in the known universe and it is far from clear how much of its complexity we need to replicate to reproduce its capabilities.

That’s why some believe more abstract ideas about how intelligence works can provide shortcuts. Their claim is that to really accelerate the progress of AI towards something that we can say thinks like a human, we need to imitate not the brain — but the mind. “In some sense, they’re just different ways of looking at the same thing, but sometimes it’s profitable to do that,” says Gary Marcus at New York University and start-up Robust AI. “You don’t want a replica, what you want is to learn the principles that allow the brain to be as effective as it is.”

【小题1】What do we know about the current AI?

A．They are good at reasoning.	B．They have amazing learning ability.
C．They can't understand complex information.	D．They lack some elements of real intelligence.

【小题2】What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A．People fail to understand the complexity of the brain.

B．Scientists need to focus on the structure of the brain.

C．The attempt to copy the brain might be unrealistic.

D．Scientists are doubtful about the future of AI.

【小题3】What does Gary Marcus suggest researchers do to advance AI?