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Microplastics are “one of the greatest man-made disasters of our time”, according to the Natural History Museum. That’s bad news, given they are also everywhere: in tap water, the food you buy, the clothes you wear and the air you breathe.

The largest microplastics can be seen by the naked eye and are anything under half a cen- timetre in size. But many of them are small enough to act like spots of dust which we can unconsciously breathe in or eat in food. The smallest particles are called nanoplastics and they are small enough to get their way deep into the human body.

New findings from the University of Portsmouth show that there is so much synthetic material in our homes that we might be breathing in up to 7, 000 microplastic particles a day. Using special equipment, researchers measured a typical family home and found the highest concentration of it was in the bedroom of the eight-year-old daughter, whose room was decorated with plastic-based bedding, carpet and soft toys.

Although research is in its early stage, the risks of these plastics could be serious—some studies have linked high exposure to cancer risk and disrupting our hormones. In animal studies, the particles have been shown to affect metabolism, gut bacteria and the immune system, among other things.

It is not yet known what a healthy level of microplastics might look like, but Dr Sabine Donnai, CEO of the Viavi clinic, thinks that many people in the West are over the limit. In tests at her clinic, patients often come back with dangerously high levels of plastic in their bodies, she says.

【小题1】What does paragraph 2 talk about?
A.The seriousness of microplastics.B.The size of microplastics.
C.The solution to microplastics.D.The effect of microplastics.
【小题2】How did researchers determine the amount of microplastics of a home?
A.With technical instrument.B.By referring to previous data.
C.Through experiments.D.By observing environment.
【小题3】What does the underlined word “disrupting” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Deciding.B.Disturbing.C.Discovering.D.Defending.
【小题4】What would be a suitable title for the text?
A.New study found microplasticsB.Microplastics are found in clothes
C.Microplastics are threatening our lifeD.We breathe in microplastics every day
2022·吉林白山·一模
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When Alexia Lecleroq was little, she remembered being yelled at for playing outside in the acid rain. she remembered the city was shutting down because of poor air quality. At an early age, she saw the pollution and health consequences and realized they were having a big effect on her health and growth, and this set of her interest in becoming a social environmental activist. She says, “Climate and environmental justice have become a personal and pressing issue.” It also made clear something that has since been the foundation for all her activism: connection matters,

It’s why she co-founded two nonprofits - Start: Empowerment and the Colorado River Conservancy, engaging student volunteers to make climate education public. It’s why she pushed to bring clean water to East Austin, Texas, where her family lived at that time, and had poisonous tank farms (油罐区) relocated away from residential neighborhoods

Last year, the WWF awarded her the 2022 Conservation Leadership Award that honors the people who push the envelope in environmental conservation. Alexia made herself worthy of the award by demonstrating what a youngster could create with new ideas and her ongoing efforts in the field. That same year, she co-authored a piece in Teen Vugue about why we can’t “influence” our way out of the climate crisis and we need more grassroots organizations.

She shared in an interview, “I grew up with a very collectivist belief and this is what I have been impressing on the community because we aren’t separate.” As a longtime social- environmental justice organizer, she has gained a lot. A key concept underpins all of Alexia’s effort: We’re connected to the land and to each other. “I seek to develop my educational leadership skills. Youth in community should be empowered to make a difference,” she added, explaining her reasons for coming to Harvard.

【小题1】What does the author want to say by mentioning Alexia’s childhood?
A.The air quality affected the children most
B.The pollution at that time was more serious.
C.She suffered a lot from her unhappy childhood.
D.Her childhood played a part in shaping her career.
【小题2】What did Alexia do as an environmental activist?
A.She founded organisations to fund looal schools.
B.She called on student volunteers to clean local rivers.
C.She removed the locals from the poisonous tank farms,.
D.She made the community connect to environmental projects.
【小题3】What does the underlined phrase “push the envelope” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Win.B.Innovate.C.Cooperate.D.Approve,
【小题4】What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A.Her belief in her social work.
B.Her reasons for preferring Harvard.
C.Her achievements in the past activities.
D.Her academic performance in university.

London Fashion Week will not feature any animal fur clothes or accessories(配饰) on the runway this year, making it the first fur-free major fashion week.

In a statement, the BFC said: "The BFC survey results reflect a cultural change not only based on ideals and choices made by designer businesses, international brands as well as consumer feeling but also encouraged by the attitude of multi-brand stores who are moving away from selling fur.”

There is increasing pressure from anti-fur protesters(抗议者) to ban fur or boycott designers that use the material. During last year's London Fashion Week, there were 250 anti-fur protesters, The Guardian reported, and a show in February saw an activist storm the stage at a Mary Katrantzou show. Following the incident, Mary Katrantzou's team made a statement insisting that the collection was animal fur-free and “only man-made fur was used.”

Ahead of this year's fashion week, set to take place from September 14 to 18, an open letter written by singer Paloma Faith and published by Peta also called for a ban of animal fur.

The letter read: “The BFC shouldn't be approving a material whose production is considered so cruel that it is outlawed in the UK. With the vast number of cutting- edge, eco-friendly man-made furs available on the market today, I'm sure you'll agree that there's no longer any excuse for killing animals for their fur.”

London Fashion Week's fur-free runway follows a similar policy recently adopted by Burberry Design to end the use of fur including rabbit, fox, mink, racoon, and angora wool, as is confirmed by Burberry CEO Marco Gobbetti in an interview with Business of Fashion.

The BFC's news has been met with support from people on social media, who have applauded the designers choosing to give up the use of animal fur.

“I am so excited that fur has been banned from London Fashion Week! Progress!” Faith wrote on Twitter.

Another said: “London Fashion Week is ditching fur and leading the way towards a fur-free future in fashion.”

【小题1】Why are examples of last year's London Fashion show and Mary Katrantzou show in February are given in paragraph 3?
A.To compare the two fashion shows.
B.To prove Mary Katrantzou was wronged.
C.To show pressure from anti-fur protesters.
D.To indicate the popularity of London Fashion Show.
【小题2】Why does Paloma Faith think there is no excuse for killing animals for their fur?
A.It is expensive to kill animals for fur.
B.BFC has banned the use of animal fur.
C.Production of animal fur is illegal in the world.
D.Good Man-made furs are available on the market.
【小题3】What's the ordinary people's attitude towards the first fur-free major fashion week ?
A.Critical.B.Ambiguous.
C.Favorable.D.Indifferent.
【小题4】What is the best title of the passage?
A.The BFC reports a cultural change in fashion.
B.London Fashion Week will be fur free this year.
C.Famous singer writes open letter to ban animal fur.
D.Animal fur is sure to be replaced by man-made fur.

A description of the threat hanging over the world’s mammals, reptiles, amphibians and other life forms has been published by the well-known scientific journal, Nature. A special analysis carried out by the journal indicates that an astonishing 41% of all amphibians on the planet now face extinction while 26% of mammal species and 13% of birds are similarly threatened.

In each case, the finger of blame points directly at human activities The continuing spread of agriculture is destroying millions of hectares of wild habitats every year, leaving animals without homes, while the introduction of newly-come species, often helped by humans, is also damaging native populations. At the same time, pollution and overfishing are destroying ocean ecosystems.

“Habitat destruction, pollution or overfishing either kill off wild creatures and plants or leave them badly weakened,” said Derek Tittensor, an ocean ecologist at the World Conservation Monitoring Centre in Cambridge. “The trouble is that in coming decades, the additional threat of worsening climate change will become more and more common and will then kill off these survivors.”

The problem, according to Nature, is worsened because of the huge gaps in scientists’ knowledge about the planet’s biodiversity. Evaluations of the total number of species of animals and plants alive vary from 2 million to 50 million. In addition, evaluations of current rates of species’ disappearances vary from 500 to 36,000 a year. “That is the real problem we face,” added Tittensor. “The scale of uncertainty is huge.”

In the end, however, the data indicate that the world is heading cruelly towards a mass extinction — which is defined as one involving a loss of 75% of species or more. This could arrive in less than a hundred years or could take a thousand, depending on extinction rates.

【小题1】What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?
A.Figures about some wild animals are astonishing.
B.“Nature” is the famous journal around the world.
C.Many endangered species are close to extinction.
D.Some rare species have appeared around the world.
【小题2】From the text we know that the future threat to creatures and plants is ______.
A.destruction of habitatsB.overfishing and pollution
C.the worsening climate changeD.human activities
【小题3】What is the real problem we are facing now according to paragraph 4?
A.The killing of wild creatures and cutting of trees.
B.The global warming caused by human beings.
C.The destruction of ocean ecosystem by pollution.
D.Evaluation of current rates of species’ disappearances.
【小题4】What does “This” in the last sentence refer to ______?
A.Mass extinctionB.Extinction ratesC.Extinction timeD.75% of species or more

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