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What do Ikea founder Ingvar Kamprad, Sir Richard Branson, Billionaire investor Charles Schwab, Walt Disney, and Henry Ford have in common? All are or were successful entrepreneurs with dyslexia — a learning disorder that makes it very difficult to read, write, and spell. People with dyslexia have trouble connecting the letters they see to the sounds they make and as a result, often struggle in school.

But in the real world, they make great achievements. They’re behind some of the most successful companies on Earth.

Richard Branson is one of the greatest entrepreneurs of our time. He created numerous businesses under the Virgin umbrella and has a net worth of $5 billion. Branson once admitted that Virgin which now employs 90,000 people would not have been successful had he not been dyslexic. Branson had a hard time keeping up with his peers because of his dyslexia and dropped out at the age of 16. Yet he transformed his weakness into an advantage. He understood the importance of communicating well. And his dyslexia also forced him to delegate tasks to those who excelled in the areas where he was weak.

Research has found people with dyslexia are more likely to delegate authority and also twice as likely to own two or more businesses. A study out of Cass Business School in London found more than a third of American entrepreneurs surveyed showed signs of dyslexia. Another commissioned by the BBC found 40% of that country’s self-made millionaires showed some signs of the learning disability. That’s significantly higher than the estimated 5% to 10% of the general population with some degree of dyslexia.

The question is: Are their entrepreneurial strengths a result of nature or nurture? A dyslexia expert believes they are naturally better at certain things, like picking up social cues. In an article in The Sacramento Bee about California governor Gavin Newsom who has dyslexia, Dr. Marilu Gorno-Tempini of UC San Francisco said, “He can understand what people need and their emotions more than others. I don’t think that’s a compensation. I think that’s the superpower of his dyslexic brain.” She and other scientists at UC San Francisco recently discovered children with the disorder had greater changes in heart rate and facial behavior when they viewed video clips of others experiencing emotions compared to children without dyslexia.

Eleanor Palser, one of the researchers who conducted the study, concluded to Newsthink, “This tells us that dyslexia might be associated with biological differences in empathy(移情)...”

【小题1】Why are some famous people mentioned in Paragraph 1?
A.To demonstrate their problems.
B.To advertise their products.
C.To show their achievements.
D.To introduce the topic.
【小题2】Which of the following is TRUE about Richard Branson in Paragraph 3?
A.He never gave up studying during adolescence.
B.Dyslexia prevented him from being more successful.
C.He worked hard to improve his communication skills.
D.Dyslexia drove him to appoint people to suitable posts.
【小题3】Which of the following does Dr. Marilu Gorno-Tempini probably agree with?
A.Dyslexia might be associated with biological differences in empathy.
B.Gavin’s ability to understand others’ emotions compensates for his disability.
C.Children with dyslexia underwent more physical changes when watching videos.
D.Those who have dyslexia develop their ability to read others’ emotions by nurture.
【小题4】What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.How People With Dyslexia Succeed in life.
B.How Successful Entrepreneurs Overcome Dyslexia.
C.Why People With Dyslexia Are Extremely Empathetic.
D.Why So Many Successful Entrepreneurs Have Dyslexia.
21-22高三下·江苏南通·开学考试
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How To Be A Successful Online Student

While regular schools still exist, the virtual classroom plays an important role in today’s learning community. More students are aware of online learning that allows them to study at home.【小题1】

Be able to communicate through writing

In the virtual classroom nearly all communication is written, so it is necessary for students to express themselves in writing. Some students have limited writing abilities which need to be improved. This usually requires more practice from these students. Whether working alone or in a group, students share ideas on the subject being studied, and read about those of their classmates.【小题2】

Be willing to “speak up” if problems arise

Remember that teachers cannot see their students in an online course.【小题3】If they face technical difficulties or problems, they MUST speak up; otherwise there is no way anyone can know something is wrong. If one person does not understand something, possibly several others have the same problem. While explaining something to others, students strengthen their own knowledge about the subject.

【小题4】

Online learning is not easier than study in regular classrooms. In fact, many students say it requires much more time and effort. Requirements for online courses are not less than those of any quality program. Successful students, however, see online learning as a convenient way to receive their education — not an easier way. Many online students sit at computers for hours at a time during evenings and on weekends in order to complete their assignments.

Be able to think ideas through before replying

Providing meaningful and quality input into the virtual classroom is an essential part of online learning. Time is given to allow for careful development of answers.【小题5】Many times online students will not always be right, they just need to be prepared to accept a challenge.

A.Take the program seriously
B.Keep up with the progress of the course
C.Testing and challenging of ideas is encouraged.
D.Students can keep the online environment open and friendly.
E.In this way, students gain great insight from their classmates.
F.However, online students require unique qualities to be successful.
G.This means students must make their comments and requests clearly.

Habits to Avoid Before Exams

Habits play an important part in our life. So it’s necessary to know the bad habits before we kick them off. Here is a list of habits you must avoid before exams.

1. Multitasking.

【小题1】 Or you will end up being less productive. People who keep changing from one task to another have a hard time recalling or gaining anything. Concentrating on one task at a time helps get better results.

2. Skipping classes.

Many students often skip classes and study at home.【小题2】 You will finally end up spending double the amount of time you would have spent in school copying notes. You have to make additional effort to understand what was taught in school. Learning everything from the beginning takes up a lot of your time.

3.【小题3】

When you don’t understand or you can’t get the hang of something, you may give it up and go on with the next. But leaving the problem and moving to other questions isn’t the right way. Instead, ask the teacher or a friend to explain it to you again.

4. Being disorganized.

With so many things to do and think about, being disorganized will only make studying much hairier. Don’t just take notes or keep reminders in certain places. Keep a notebook where you set down all study-related things.【小题4】

5. Worrying about small failures.

If you mess up once or a few times, the worst thing you can do is lei it stop you trying.【小题5】 And making a mistake and learning a lesson often give you a better understanding of how to succeed.

A.Avoiding your responsibility.
B.Ignoring (忽略) difficult problems.
C.This usually doesn’t work out.
D.However, you will be making a great difference.
E.Don’t keep on jumping from one thing to another.
F.You can also download an app to help you organize.
G.Instead, you should believe you can do anything as well as others.

Are you the kind of person who hated school? Or are you more like Michael Nicholson, who can’t stop learning? He currently has 30 degrees including 22 master’s and a doctorate! 【小题1】 The word comes from Greek with “phil” meaning “a lover of” and “math” meaning “learning”.

Humans are all philomaths to an extent – our brain is born to be curious. We want to learn and understand, partly to make sense of the world but also because of something called neoteny. This is a term that refers to the teenage characteristics of some animals, including humans, being preserved into adulthood. One of these traits is neuroplasticity, which helps our brains stay flexible. 【小题2】 While creatures like monkeys can’t do this and only learn during their adolescence.

But for every person who loves learning, there are plenty who can’t stand it. 【小题3】 Why is this? Educational anthropologists have suggested that if a concept or idea is too complex or dull, it becomes harder to link old and new ideas together. 【小题4】 This negative experience of education at school may lead to people avoiding learning opportunities in later life.   

【小题5】 Evolution has made us lifelong learners, so take advantage of your biology and discover your inner philomath. Who knows what you could achieve?

A.Lots of people remember their school days as being boring or even pointless.
B.Because of this trait, our brains are able to recognize different shapes.
C.If that’s the case, we lose motivation and absorb less information.
D.If you’re also passionate about studying, you might be a philomath.
E.Many students think it is inspiring to learn something about “philomath”.
F.So, don’t let a bad educational experience prevent you learning something new as an adult.
G.This gives us the ability to learn throughout our lives.

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