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We’ve all been there, trying our best to do our bit to help save the planet, when a really essential item that you had to order online arrives in such an unbelievable amount of packaging that it makes you feel like it’s an unprepared game of passing the parcel.

It’s made even worse by the fact that some of the packaging can’t be recycled. In fact, 10 million tonnes of packaging waste are produced in the UK every year. A lot of this ends up in landfill, two-thirds of which could have instead been recovered.

The good news, however, is that how packaging waste is managed is in for a BIG shake-up in line with the “polluter pays principle”. By placing the main point of duty to pay on brand owners, they will be encouraged to choose more sustainable packaging options which are recyclable and reusable as much as possible. Otherwise, they will have to pay higher fees.

This is a system known as Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) — meaning that those who have control over packaging design decisions will be encouraged to do the right thing for the planet at the beginning and consider what happens at the end of the packaging’s life from the start.

What this means is that instead of local authorities picking up the bill for household waste management, companies will have instead to pay for managing your household packaging waste as well as the form businesses, and they will be met with the associated little costs too.

And, as an added bonus, the new EPR laws on packaging will also mean that producers are required to put clear mandatory (强制性的) labelling on packaging, for example, this could be “RECYCLE” or “DO NOT RECYCLE”. Of course, we hope that the “DO NOT RECYCLE” category labelling is the minority. It is aimed that by 2030, 78% of packaging will be recycled in the UK.

【小题1】What can we know from the first two paragraphs?
A.Two-thirds of packaging waste is recycled.
B.Over-packaging is often the case in life.
C.The quality of goods cannot be guaranteed.
D.Online shopping is getting less popular.
【小题2】Who will be responsible for paying packaging waste costs according to the law?
A.Designers.B.Producers.C.Customers.D.Local authorities.
【小题3】What can the EPR laws lead the brand owners to do?
A.Pay higher taxes and recycle the packaging waste.
B.Put clear labelling on packaging and promote sales.
C.Cut packaging waste and improve packaging recycling.
D.Follow the packaging design trend and to right things.
【小题4】What can be learned about the items ordered online in the future?
A.Their labelling on packaging will be simple and generous.
B.The majority of their packaging needn’t be recycled.
C.They will be of high quality and inexpensive.
D.They’ll arrive in the right amount of recyclable packaging.
21-22高三·山东·开学考试
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An environmental group in Colombia is leading a project to save wild areas in the San Lucas mountains with the help of coffee growers. 【小题1】 Colombia has more different kinds of living things than any country after neighboring Brazil, but destruction of forests has increased since 2016.

Government information shows that in 2017, almost 220,000 hectares of forest were destroyed compared to 124,000 hectares in 2015. Areas like San Lucas have been threatened by mining and growers of coca plants, which are used to make the drug cocaine.

To date, the project includes 10 families who farm 400 hectares of coffee plants. WebConserva said the project costs about $77,000 dollars a year. The group said it hopes that, in time, 200 families will be included. At that level, 20,000 hectares of untouched forest could be protected. In San Lucas, the families promise not to cut down trees to expand their crops or to hunt wild animals from the forest. 【小题2】

Arcadio Barajas is among those taking part. His new coffee plantation establishes a barrier between cattle ranches and forests where wild animals like the jaguar live and hunt. The presence of the coffee fields reduces the likelihood that there will be conflict between cattle ranchers and the big cats. Barajas said that cutting down the forest to plant coca and killing wildlife were against his faith. 【小题3】 “I’m taking care of the environment, the forest and the animals, so that I don’t end up ruined as well,” he said.

Arnobis Romero is a former coca grower and miner. He said many families depended on illegal activities to support their children. For example, at times one kilogram of Coca could be sold for $760. Romero said, “We feel really proud to look after this biodiversity and to leave it... for future generations.”

【小题4】 But each year, hundreds of thousands of hectares of land are destroyed. Activists want San Lucas to be protected as a national park, but the process has been slow.

A.In return, they receive $250 to $300 for 125 kilograms of coffee.
B.It protects forests, biodiversity and ecosystems at the same time.
C.Colombia has set aside 16 percent of its territory as protected land.
D.Gold mining and coca farming make more money than coffee growing.
E.But now he feels that growing coffee lets him be a good steward of the land.
F.The goal is to limit additional development in the northern San Lucas area which is rich in biodiversity, meaning many forms of life live there.
California Condor’s Shocking Recovery

California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.
Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.
So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.
Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.
Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”
【小题1】California condors attract researchers’ interest because they _________.
A.are active at night
B.had to be bred in the wild
C.are found only in California
D.almost died out in the 1980s
【小题2】Researchers have found electrical lines are _________.
A.blocking condors’ journey home
B.big killers of California condors
C.rest places for condors at night
D.used to keep condors away
【小题3】According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning _________.
A.makes condors too nervous to fly
B.has little effect on condors’ kidneys
C.can hardly be gotten rid of from condors’ blood
D.makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds
【小题4】This passage shows that _________.
A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactory
B.Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering
C.the efforts to protect condors have brought good results
D.researchers have found the final answers to the problem

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