From the “Roman Warm Period” to the “Little Ice Age” that began in the 14th century, periods of hot and cold weather【小题1】 (extend) for centuries. As a result, many have argued that the current period of global warming【小题2】(be) part of a natural pattern and the human role in creating【小题3】 has been exaggerated.

This new study suggests that is not【小题4】 case. Scientists reconstructed the major climate events of the past 2,000 years by looking around 700 records, tree rings, ice cores and lake sediments(沉淀物) 【小题5】 (include). Not one single event affected as much of the world【小题6】the present period of warming is now doing. Other scientists【小题7】 have looked at the study have been impressed by the quality of the research.

The researchers involved argue that the new 【小题8】 (finding) reveal many theories put forward by climate scientists【小题9】 (explain) the rise in temperatures, including changes in solar activity. The current period of climate change is mainly down to humans, they insist. Natural causes, they say, are【小题10】 (simple) not sufficient to explain the warming scene over the last century and a half.

The UN Environment Programme says that rising temperatures could mean the end for some migrating animals.

Migrating 【小题1】 mobile animals move through several environments as they travel away from the cold of winter to warmer areas. "Obviously these animals have developed their travelling 【小题2】(pattern) over thousands of years. But it is extremely 【小题3】(like)that these animals can change their habits fast enough," said the report author Dr Robert Hepworth.

【小题4】(hard) hit by rising temperatures are turtles. So far, scientists 【小题5】(find) that at higher temperatures, turtles produce far more female eggs than male ones. It also provides 【小题6】(evident) that some turtles are more likely to develop cancer .

With birds, the main problem is climate-related damage to important areas at either end of the travels or at resting places along the way. Other animals 【小题7】(pick) out as particularly in danger include:the North Atlantic Right Whale, 【小题8】 main food (tiny shrimp) is disturbed by the change in ocean flows and the White-Nose Dolphin, which is out-competed by other kinds of dolphins in warmer waters.

The report is not all bad news. Even with major climatic changes, protecting the environment can still help mobile animals to recover. "We need governments to start taking action at the national and international level. “The clock 【小题9】(run).” said Dr Hepworth. And some animals are already adapting 【小题10】 the report mentioning whales that are changing their feeding behaviour, finding new feeding grounds and new foods to eat.

In recent years, we have seen melting ice caps and 【小题1】 (rise) sea levels around the world. The number of deadly weather events has increased, such as hurricanes(飓风)，wildfires and floods. Scientists say 【小题2】 has caused these new patterns is climate change. And they encourage everyone to produce less waste. Other 【小题3】 (way) lowering your carbon footprint include walking instead 【小题4】 driving, bringing reusable bags to the supermarket, and eating less meat. These actions have many benefits, including less air pollution and CO2 production.