Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social _________ of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will _________ in certain ways, like gathering together to protect their land. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to _________ one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly _________ to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food?

In the laboratory, chimps don’t _________ share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull _________ -he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.

Human children, _________, are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this _________ in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally _________ in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very __________ age before most parents have started to train their children to behave __________. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence __________ in children before their general cognitive(认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the __________ world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.

The core (核心) of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can __________ what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) __________goal.

When Julie got back home from school that afternoon, she noticed a pigeon. It was sitting very closely to the front door of her ______. It seemed the pigeon hadn’t moved at all. Julie moved ______. She noticed the pigeon had a wound on its wing. She was worried that a dog or a cat would eat the ______ animal. Julie ran upstairs to tell her mom about the pigeon.

"We have to help it!" Julie ______. Julie's mom made a disgusted face. "I don't want to. Pigeons have ______," she said. Julie began to cry. This made Julie's mom feel bad. She ______, but she gave Julie some ______. The pigeon had to stay in the kitchen in a storage bin. Julie's mom didn't want to touch the ______ bird.

While Julie tried to feed the bird bits of moist bread, Julie's mom looked online for local animal ______ organizations. She felt silly trying to save an injured pigeon though. Finally she found an organization that would ______ the bird, but not until the next morning. Julie stayed up all night ______the bird.

The next morning Julia and her mother took the ______ to the bird rescue organization. Many people on the train gave Julie and her mother ______ looks. Julie's mother just shrugged. When they got to the ______, the worker smiled warmly, "It's so kind of you to do this. This ______ a lot to the pigeon!" ______ goodbye to the worker, Julie looked so ______ with a slight flush on her cheeks. On their way home, leaning on her mother' shoulder, Julie said ______, "Thank you, mom, for your support and ______. " Julie's mom patted her head, "I'm proud of you, sweetheart. You've taught me ______: Every life deserves to be respected and loved."

The dolphin (海豚) swam in her tiny tank. It was early evening and the park was closed. She was alone again, missing her family.

Earlier that day, she had _________ her tricks (戏法) for the visitors; and though their _________ pleased her, they did not stop the anxiety of forced separation she experienced daily, _________ her family.

Later that afternoon, her keepers had conducted their usual set of _________ on her to make sure she’d be ready for the next day’s show. This time, she had given in quietly to their attentions. This _________ them, as it always did they were so happy when she obeyed them. But, when she didn’t, they thought there was a _________ and she would be punished.

She dived down and stared through the glass window into the observatory room. During the day, _________ crowded into this lower-level viewing room to watch her from an underwater angle. The glass was _________ with the hand prints of the many children who had pressed close to get a good view.

Her daily routine rarely _________. Trainers would teach her __________ tricks, to be added to her show. Occasionally, humans would bring their ill or __________ children to swim with her. And, over time, she would heal (治愈) them. But she’d always __________ the process so as not to expose her amazing ability to the humans.

She swam up to the __________ then stared sadly at the stars above.

She was far from her family and she was __________.

In the dark she sang…

But none of her kind __________ her.