Set to launch on October 16, the Lucy spacecraft is designed to study Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids. These asteroids are small bodies left over from the formation of our solar system’s large planets. They share an orbit with Jupiter as the planet goes around the sun The mission’s aim is to gather new information about the solar system’s formation 4.5 billion years ago.
Lucy will observe eight asteroids over 12 years. One of the eight asteroids orbits in what is known as the Asteroid Belt, an area between Mars and Jupiter. Most known asteroids orbit within this area. The spacecraft will also observe seven Trojan asteroids. Scientists consider the Trojan asteroids to be the ancient remains of the formation of the solar system. They have stayed captured in Jupiter’s orbit for billions of years. The Trojans orbit the sun in two groups—one that’s ahead of Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, and a second one that lags behind it. Lucy will be the first spacecraft designed to visit and observe these asteroids.
The spacecraft was named Lucy after the ancient fossil discovered in Ethiopia in 1974. Lucy was one of the most famous scientific finds of the 20th century. The collection of skeletal bones gave scientists a better understanding of the evolution of humans. Cathy Olkin, the deputy lead investigator for the Lucy mission, compared the NASA spacecraft to the Lucy fossil. “Just like the Lucy fossil transformed our understanding of human evolution, the Lucy mission will transform our understanding of solar system evolution,” she said.
The spacecraft is equipped with several imaging instruments designed to capture information about the composition of materials on the surface of asteroids. Other equipment will be used to record asteroid surface temperatures and measure the size of the objects the spacecraft observes. Lucy will depend on solar power to operate. NASA says the mission expects to set a record because Lucy will travel farther from the sun than any past solar powered spacecraft.
Lori Glaze, the director of NASA’s planetary science division, said, “Whatever Lucy finds will give us vital clues about the formation of our solar system.”
【小题1】What is the mission of the Lucy spacecraft?A.To collect soil samples from Jupiter. | B.To explore the surface of Trojan asteroids. |
C.To search for life on Mars. | D.To find out the origin of solar system. |
A.Moves. | B.Catches. | C.Leads. | D.Hides. |
A.The evolution of humans. | B.The significance of the Lucy mission. |
C.The inspiration for the name Lucy. | D.The introduction to the Lucy fossil. |
A.It moves a little slow with its big size. | B.It has an imaging instrument. |
C.It gets closer to the sun than other spacecraft. | D.It is powered by solar energy. |
Researchers may have found a way to keep plants from dying of thirst. They developed a soil additive (添加剂). It will steal water from the air to share with plants.
Their invention is a super-moisture-absorbent gel (SMAG高吸海凝胶). It absorbs water from the air during the night. When the sun warms it the next day, that gel releases its accumulated water into the root zone of the plants.
Guihua Yu, an engineer at the University of Texas at Austin, led the team that developed the gel. The gel mixed with soil absorbs water and holds it. The next day, rather than allowing it to evaporate (蒸发), the gel instead slowly releases that water into the soil.
The engineers tested the soil additive to grow carrots. During an experiment, they compared carrots grown in sandy soil alone with carrots grown in sandy soil that had been mixed with the get.The gel-treated soil lost about 60 percent of the water after about a month. In contrast, the untreated soil lost 80 percent of its water in just one week.
Jeff Hattey is a soil scientist. He says similar additives have been used in potting soil for many years. He says the gel works in a similar way. "The big questions for me are first, how much SMAG-soil would you have to use? How long does it last once it's in the soil?"
Yu believes future studies will help his team understand if the gel could be used for larger, outdoor fields. If it can, the water in the air could allow crops to be grown in dryer cli-males, where irrigation is not practical. It shouldn't hurt the bacteria or worms that are needed to keep soil healthy for growing things. The gel also should pose no risks if it washes into lakes or streams. The research team hopes to confirm that in the near future.
【小题1】How does SMAG get water?A.By absorbing water from the root zone. |
B.By absorbing water from air. |
C.By absorbing water from plants. |
D.By absorbing water from soil. |
A.The SMAG is a totally new invention. |
B.People will use SMAG-soil soon. |
C.Scientists have to do more for SMAG. |
D.SMAG has a lot of advantages. |
A.Let SMAG have fewer side effects on soil. |
B.Prove whether SMAG is safe to environment. |
C.Make SMAG keep soil healthy. |
D.Make SMAG acceptable by people. |
A.An invention of making plants grow in a dry climate. |
B.An invention of making plants grow quickly. |
C.An invention of defeating droughts. |
D.An invention of protecting the soil. |
Women have jumped ahead of men for the first time in using the Internet to do their holiday shopping, according to a study published last week in the US.
For years men have been more likely to shop on the Internet than women, but during the 2004 holiday season 58 percent of those making online purchases were women.
“It shows how mainstream the Internet is becoming”, said Lee Rainie, director of the Pew Internet and American Life Project group, which carried out the study.
Rainie said it was only a matter of time before women shoppers caught up with men. This is because women traditionally make decisions about spending.
Users were more likely to shop online to save time. Internet users between the ages of 18 and 29 were responsible for some of the most dramatic(显著的)increases in the online gift-buying population this time around.
However, three-quarters of the US Internet users did not buy holiday gifts online in 2004. They worried about credit card security, or just compared online prices with off-line prices, then dashed off to the shops to get the best deals.
“But even if shoppers don’t buy online, websites are becoming promotion tools for stores,” said Dan Hess, vice(副) president of Comscore Networks Inc. Hess said that actually most stores’ websites can make customers fully believe the security of their credit card numbers. And most are able to ensure that gifts arrive on time.
“It’s all about making the shopping experience more efficient, more reliable and more comfortable,” Hess said.
【小题1】Which of the following statements is true?
A.There were fewer women online shoppers than men in 2004. |
B.Most of the Internet users between the ages of 18 and 29 are women. |
C.People in the US were more likely to buy gifts online. |
D.More women shopped online than men in 2004. |
A.men usually decide how to spend money in the family |
B.women usually decide what to buy in the family |
C.the Internet is used in all the shops. |
D.more and more shops will sell their goods online. |
A.is unsafe | B.is convenient |
C.is a waste of time | D.is cheaper |
A.American people only buy gifts in holidays. |
B.Shopping online is fun for women. |
C.Shopping off-line provides better service. |
D.Young people like to do gift-shopping online. |
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