Four Rules for Successful Plant Cloning

Plant growers have two choices when it comes to starting new plants: growing from seed, or plant cloning. And plant clones offer advantages that growing plants from seed can’t offer. Growing from clones, you’re sure to have all females, and as long as you do the cloning yourself, you know who the mother plant is and how your clones will grow, yield, and get you high. 【小题1】.

Take your plant cuttings from a healthy mother plant

Plant cloning gives you genetic copies of your mother plant. 【小题2】, your clones get the best start possibly. Avoid using mother plants that are sick, or that are plagued with pests.

【小题3】

Most plant clones prefer temperatures slightly higher than your ideal grow room temperature, and they don’t like a day and night cycle with a temperature drop at night. That’s why most growers root their cuttings under lighting that stays on 24 hours a day. The lighting itself creates temperature stabilization. Temperatures between 74 — 77 degrees Fahrenheit are the range you want.

Clones like high humidity

Your cuttings need a humid environment in the 75 — 95% humidity range until they’ve created roots and are able to intake water through them. That’s why many plant cloners use humidity covers. You need to wait your clones have functioning roots. 【小题4】, they’ll die.

Use sterile equipment and materials

You already figured out that your scissors, knife or other tools for cutting clones has to be clean. But you also want to make sure you trays, cloning covers, and root zone media are clean and sterile too. 【小题5】. Start fresh every time.

When you follow these plant cloning tips, your clone success rate should be nearly 100%.

When you think of batteries, you’ll likely think about them powering up remote controls, cellphones, flashlights and toys. But some people carry a battery around in their body to power a pacemaker（心脏起搏器）. It isn’t really pleasant and easy to carry batteries because they need to be replaced so often and they can leak poisonous chemicals. A battery-powered pacemaker may become a thing of the past, thanks to a new technology developed by UCLA researchers: a biological super capacitor（超级电容器）, which is thinner than several hairs.

Teams of researchers at UCLA and the University of Connecticut published a paper in a journal explaining their new invention. The super capacitor is made from a carbon material, and coated with human-like proteins that act as electrodes（电极）. But what makes the device different is that it is powered by an energy harvester that changes body heat and movement in the blood into energy.

Those traditional pacemakers are six to eight millimeters（毫米）thick. They are much bigger. The new super capacitor, which, due to its lack of battery, is only one micrometer（微米）thick. This “little” feature could benefit the new pacemaker’s energy efficiency, researchers stated. Also, unlike other batteries used in medical treatments, the super capacitor can bend and twist in the body without suffering damage.

Though they’ve not been widely used in the medical world, super capacitors have the ability to serve as a safer and more efficient medical device than the traditional battery-operated devices, the researchers believe.

“In order to be effective, battery-free pacemakers must have super capacitors that can get, store and transport energy. However, commercial super capacitors are too slow to make them work,” said Maher El-Kady, a UCLA researcher and co-author of the study. “Our research focused on the custom-designed super capacitor to capture energy effectively, and finding a way to make it exist together successfully with the human body.”