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Humans were designed to stand upright (直立). And yet in this modern world, too many of us spend our days with our heads lowered for a simple reason: we're staring at the tiny screen of a smart phone.

People spend an average of 2 to 4 hours each day with their neck bent while shooting off emails or texts. That's 700 to 1,400 hours a year. The success of social media has led to a rapid development of bad smart phone posture.

The average adult head weighs 10 to 12 pounds when it's in the upright position. However, because of the gravity, bending your head at a mere 15 degree puts 27 pounds of pressure on your spine (脊椎); a 30 degree neck bend could equal (等于) 40 pounds of pressure; a 45 degree bend adds the force of 49 pounds, according to the research from Dr. Kenneth Hansraj from New York. These stresses may lead to many problems.

It's no secret that correct posture is better for your back. According to the researchers, good posture is described as ears aligned (成一条直线) with the shoulders. In proper alignment, spinal stress disappeared. It is the best position for the spine. Standing tall doesn't just make you look better; it improves your health, too. Other studies have found good posture has even been connected to ways of behaving. People who have poorer posture often have poorer physical and emotional health.

The researchers describe bad posture (姿势) as “the head in a forward position and the shoulders dropping forward in a rounded position”. Bad posture has been connected to many medical problems, including headaches and other problems, depression and heart disease. This is why Hansraj said it's important to be mindful of your smart phone posture. While it is nearly impossible to avoid the technologies that cause these problems, people should make an effort to look at their phones with a correct posture.

【小题1】Through the underlined sentence in paragraph 2, the author wants to show that _______.
A.the social media have its bad side
B.the social media have made a great success
C.people have to use social media unavoidably
D.more and more people are using smart phones
【小题2】What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A.It's healthy to bend your back regularly.
B.Your back is getting exercise as you bend it.
C.The average weight of an ad ult head always changes.
D.The more you bend your neck, the heavier the head becomes.
【小题3】What is the correct posture?
A.Bend your head within 15 degrees.
B.Raise and lower your head in turn.
C.Drop your head forward in a rounded position.
D.Keep the positions of the neck and shoulders in a line.
【小题4】It can be learnt a correct posture can _______.
A.cure many diseasesB.make one behave differently
C.cause no stress to the spineD.prevent one from gaining weight
22-23高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末
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Artists always treat businessmen people as money-obsessed bores. Or worse, many business people, for their part, assume that artists are a bunch of pretentious wasters. Bosses may stick a few modernist paintings on their boardroom walls. But they seldom take the arts seriously as a source of inspiration.

The prejudice starts at business school, where “hard” things such as numbers and case studies rule. It is reinforced by everyday experience. Bosses constantly remind their underlings that if you can’t count it, it doesn’t count. Few read deeply about art. Sun Tzu's The Art of War does not count while some tasteless business books are pleasing to them: consider Wess Roberts' Leadership Secrets of Attila the Hun.

But lately there are welcome signs of a thaw (缓和) on the business side of the great cultural divide. Business presses are publishing a series of books such as The Fine Art of Success by Jamie Anderson. Business schools such as the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto are trying to learn from the arts.

Mr. Anderson points out that many artists have also been superb entrepreneurs. Damien Hirst was even more enterprising. He upturned the art world by selling his work directly through Sotheby’s, an auction (拍卖) house. Whatever they think of his work, businessmen people cannot help admiring a man who parted art-lovers from £ 75.5 million on the day that Lehman Brothers collapsed.

Studying the arts can help businessmen people communicate more effectively. Most bosses spend a huge amount of time “messaging” and “reaching out”, yet few are much good at it.

Studying the arts can also help companies learn how to manage bright people. Rob Goffee of the London Business School points out that today’s most productive companies are dominated by what they call “clevers”, who are the devil to manage. They hate being told what to do by managers, whom they regard as dullards. They refuse to submit to performance reviews. In short, they are prima donnas. The arts world has centuries of experience in managing such difficult people. Directors persuade actresses to cooperate with actors they hate. Their tips might be worth hearing.

【小题1】What kind of person is Damien Hirst actually?
A.An artist whose works changed the art world.
B.A businessman who just cares about money.
C.An artist who is good at doing business.
D.A businessman who had prejudice toward the arts.
【小题2】The underlined words “prima donnas” probably refer to those who are _______.
A.quite stupidB.rather proudC.really brightD.very efficient
【小题3】What does the author mainly discuss in the text?
A.Good management takes skill and patience.
B.Artists should show respect for businessmen.
C.Painting is a special form of communication.
D.Businessmen have much to learn from artists.

Believe it or not, there are many strange things banned (禁止) around the world.

Black cars —Turkmenistan

Trying to buy a new car in the central Asian country of Turkmenistan can be a tricky business due to numerous restrictions issued by President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov. Batir Turken, who is from Turkmenistan but lives in Dubai, explained, “For the country with 60°C in summer, it is really strange and stupid that cars with black colours are banned, and that dirty cars are not allowed to drive in the city.”

He added, “Cars which are older than five years are banned, cars with a right-hand drive are banned, sports cars and two-door cars are banned, and cars with tinted (有色的) windows are banned.”

Vacuum cleaners — Victoria, Australia

No one likes a noisy neighbour, but the state of Victoria in Australia has introduced a set of rules about at what point during the day when you can make noise including when you can vacuum.

Sumit Gupta, Mumbai, India, said, “In Melbourne, Australia, vacuuming your house between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m. during weekdays and 10 p.m. and 9 a.m. during the weekends is against the law.”

Chewing gum — Singapore

Singapore bans the sale and import of chewing gum, which makes it impossible for locals to get their hands on gum. However, exceptions are made for people who have medical conditions and need to chew gum. The ban began in 1992 and is still in effect.

Running out of fuel — Germany

People are not allowed to let their cars run out of fuel if they are driving on the autobahn (高速公路) in Germany. What makes matters worse is that a person can’t walk along the highway to get some gas, as walking on the autobahn is also banned by law.

Changing bulbs — Victoria, Australia

In Victoria, one of the most populous states in Australia, changing a light bulb is illegal unless you are a licensed electrician. People who disobey this law could receive a fine of up to AU $10 (£5.5).

【小题1】Which kinds of cars are NOT banned in Turkmenistan?
A.Cars used for six years.
B.Cars with a left-hand drive.
C.Cars with coloured windows.
D.Sports cars.
【小题2】What makes things worse in Germany?
A.Running out of fuel is forbidden in this country.
B.Whoever walks on the autobahn is against the law.
C.Dirty cars are not allowed to drive in the city.
D.The ban of running out of fuel is out of effect now.
【小题3】Which of the following is TRUE?
A.Batir Turken considers it a strange idea to ban black cars in Turkmenistan.
B.A person who is ill and needs to chew gum will be fined for chewing gum in Singapore.
C.You can change a light bulb as long as you handle it with care in Victoria.
D.People vacuuming houses at midnight in Melbourne will be fined AU $10.

Years ago it was popular to speak of a generation gap, a disagreement between young people and their elders. Parents said that children did not show them proper respect and obedience (服从), while children complained that their parents did not understand them at all. What had gone wrong? Why had the generation gap suddenly appeared? Actually the generation gap has been around for a long time. Many people argue that a gap is built into the fabric (结构) of our society.

One important cause of the generation gap is the chance that young people have to choose their own ways of life. In more traditional societies, when children grow up, they are expected to live in the same area as their parents, to marry people that their parents know and agree to, and to continue the family occupation. In our society, young people often travel great distances for their education, move out of the family home at an early age, marry or live with people whom their parents have never met, and choose occupations different from those of their parents.

In our easily changing society, parents often expect their children to do better than they did: to find better jobs, to make more money, and to do all the things that they were unable to do. Often, however, the strong wish that parents have for their children is another cause of the disagreement between them. Often, they discover that they have very little in common with each other.

Finally, the speed at which changes take place in our society is another cause of the gap between the generations. In a traditional culture, elderly people are valued for their wisdom, but in our society the knowledge of a lifetime may become out of date overnight. The young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds, separated by different skills and abilities. No doubt, the generation gap will continue to be a feature of American life for some time to come. Its causes are rooted in the freedom and changes of our society, and in the rapid speed at which society changes.

【小题1】What is the text mainly about?
A.The concept of generation gap.
B.The reasons for generation gap.
C.Ways to reduce generation gap.
D.Attitudes towards generation gap.
【小题2】In modern society, young people often ________.
A.depend on their parents to make a life
B.live with their parents in the same area
C.ask their parents for the best advice
D.have very little in common with their parents
【小题3】What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A.Parents should be strict with their children.
B.The generation gap is partly caused by the older generation.
C.Parents couldn’t do things well themselves.
D.The young never want to satisfy their parents.
【小题4】Which of the following also causes the generation gap?
A.Parents are not strict enough with their children.
B.The young value the old too much for their wisdom.
C.Young people don’t have the knowledge of a lifetime.
D.The society develops too fast.

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