Scotland’s wildlife faces a “long march” north to escape global warming and there will be losses along the way, Scotland’s leading conservation body has warned.

Scottish Natural Heritage is to explore ways of helping the country’s animals and plants on their epic (史诗般的) journey, so they can spread from areas that become too warm. too wet or too dry over the coming years. Roads, railways, towns and large open areas represent physical barriers for many kinds of wildlife. but a range of methods can be used to overcome them. Potential solutions include tunnels under or ecoducts (生态桥) over roads and railways; networks of green spaces; increased areas of species-friendly mixed forests and a landscape that is generally more wildlife friendly.

SNH announced the programme — called The Long March. They will initially concentrate on“pinch points” where there is little space for wildlife. The programme takes its name from the “Long March” made by the Chinese Red Army in the 1930s. “Climate change is going to push a whole range of our species north, and it won’t be an easy journey,” SNH’s land use group manager, Duncan said. “The challenges facing our wildlife are similar, although the barriers may be railway lines, motorways and housing estates.

“We need to give wildlife the best possible chance of moving into new climate space by creating stepping stones of suitable habitat in the landscape. By doing this we will give at least some species the opportunity to respond to the warming climate.”

Jane Goodall is walking in Tanzania, searching carefully for chimpanzees (黑猩猩). Her love for chimps began when she was just a baby. Her father had bought her a toy when she was a year old, and Jubilee—as her chimp was called, became her constant companion.

Jane Goodall was fascinated with animals and she dreamed of becoming a naturalist in Africa. But with not enough money to even attend college, she found herself working as a waitress to pay her bills.

One day in 1956, a letter arrived from a childhood friend in Kenya, inviting her for a visit. The young Jane Goodall finally bought a ticket to Mombasa.

When 26-year-old Jane Goodall set foot in Tanzania’s Gombe Stream Reserve, not much was known about chimps. Jane did not even have an undergraduate degree, but what she did have was a deep love for the forest, patience and a thirst for learning.

Jane’s findings changed humans’ opinion of chimpanzees in many ways. One of her primary discoveries that have since been observed in other species was the presence of emotion in animals. She also discovered that different from previous belief, chimps are not vegetarians. While their diet is mostly made up of fruits, nuts, and seeds, she observed them hunting and eating the meat of small monkeys.

When Jane published her first book, In the Shadow of Man, she received a lot of criticism (批判). There were complaints that she had named her chimps rather than giving them fixed numbers. She was told that she could not assume that chimps had personalities or emotions. She was also criticized for using feeding stations to attract chimps for observation.

However, on the whole, the contributions that Jane has made to science, not only as a researcher but as a conservationist, are invaluable. She challenged ideas nobody had ever thought to question and her work continues to shape research today.

A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.

More than 2,000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2017 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf(大陆架), more bears remain on land to look for food.

Polar bears had always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid-1990s and reported to the local government. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to the plight(困境) of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.

The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011, said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. “Today we’re talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each year,” Reed said. Most tourists visit in autumn, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, who sometimes offers wildlife-viewing tours, said he’s been offering polar bear tours since 2003 or 2004. Most of his clients are from China and Europe, as well as from other states of the US. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.