Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.

Google Science Fair launched in 2011 as a way to challenge students around the globe to figure out solutions to some of the world’s largest problems, and this year’s winner focused on a problem we’re still wrapping our arms around: microplastics. Fionn Ferreira, an 18-year-old Irish student, earned the $50,000 prize through a simple【小题1】to help the planet. He was one of 24 finalists from 14 countries who went to Google headquarters to【小题2】their projects. Ferreira from West Cork, Ireland, developed a novel 【小题3】 to extracting (萃取) microplastics from water, with the greater goal of creating a method to clean our oceans.

You can explore Ferreira’s science fair project at the Google Science Fair project page. Beyond the science, it explains his【小题4】for the project, which stems from growing up near the coast and his love of nature. He tested 10 different types of microplastic suspensions and found that he could remove 85% or more of the microplastic contents in his samples. Ultimately, a(n) 【小题5】 in the amount of plastic the world uses on a daily basis is the best solution, but this project proves there are new, 【小题6】ways to clean the water we’ve already polluted.

Lawmakers in Ireland 【小题7】 have plans to introduce legislation that will outlaw the sale, manufacturing, import and export of products containing microplastics. For his efforts, Ferreira was 【小题8】$50,000 in scholarship money. He would like to study chemistry or chemical engineering in Ireland or in Europe. He currently works as a curator at the local Schull Planetarium, is fluent in three languages, is a skilled trumpet player,and has won 12 science fair awards.

As he described in his project page, it’s the next step of the process that opens doors: ”… winning a prize would give my project more attention and let it grow with mentorship to solve a real problem on the Earth. There is nothing I would like to see more than my project and idea to be used in real life 【小题9】 and I think a prize could do this.“

For any young scientists itching to 【小题10】their own idea, your chance will come. The project submission window typically runs for a couple of months starting in September and ending in December. And as this year’s callout to young scientists reminds us, every great idea starts somewhere.

Al vs. Machine Learning: What’s the Difference?

When Spotify makes those personalized playlists for you, Netflix suggests new movies, or Siri reminds you of the dentist appointment you have coming up, it is all related to artificial intelligence and machine learning. Although many people might think that they do know what artificial intelligence and machine learning are, where they are applied, or what their benefits are, few people can exactly tell the differences between them. This article will help you get to know about these two 【小题1】 and complicated terms.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of intelligent behavior displayed by computer systems by 【小题2】 their environment and taking somewhat autonomous actions to achieve specific goals.

The AI techniques are 【小题3】 into three primary waves. The first wave of AI techniques is crafted knowledge, and it helps create precise algorithms (算法) that a computer system can follow to respond 【小题4】 to different situations. The second wave of Al, also referred to as statistical learning, consists of data-driven statistical methods that enable inputs from the environment to translate into signals within the system. Then, the signals generate various outputs 【小题5】 as the machine’s response. The third wave of AI, or contextual adaptation, is not possible without current technology but refers to possible waves of AI in the future. These waves would use techniques 【小题6】 the machine to respond to a broader range of situations than the first and second waves.

Machine Learning (ML) is an AI subfield of study related to constructing computer programs that can learn from data without being explicitly programmed. Although it is frequently 【小题7】 with AI or computer science and has become more popular only in the last two decades, its history begins in 1950 when the first tests were conducted to determine if computers are capable of intelligence. Then, in 1985, the first research group for machine learning emerged, which served as a(an) 【小题8】 of the early machine learning community. The general purpose of machine learning is to build models that learn from data and use them to recognize patterns. So, machine learning refers to a set of algorithms within computer systems. But, interestingly, the algorithms have been comprehended through data and experiences rather than being programmed that way.

Once you have decided to pursue a career either in the field of Al or machine learning, it is essential to know where to start, 【小题9】 if you are a complete beginner who has only just found out what Al is. Along the journey, to be successful in AI, you will need to, first and foremost, have a solid 【小题10】in Advanced Mathematics, linear algebra, probability, and statistics so you can understand artificial neural networks, basic Al algorithms, and even machine learning models.

The fast shift toward clean energy technologies means global greenhouse gas emissions may fall in 2024. Recent analysis from the International Energy Agency (IEA), based on the public 【小题1】 of governments, suggests emissions may in fact have peaked last year. The finding is supported by analysis from Climate Analytics, which found a 70% chance of emissions falling from 2024 if the current growing 【小题2】 in clean technologies continues.

A growing number of major economies have already passed their period of【小题3】 emissions, including the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom and Japan. Compared with them, China now is the most 【小题4】in emitting greenhouse gases, contributing 31% of the global total last year. But explosive growth in clean energy【小题5】means China’s emissions are set not only to fall in 2024, but to go into structural【小题6】. What’s more, China is currently【小题7】 a boom in clean energy production and a historic growth of renewable energy — especially solar. Similarly, 【小题8】 is expected for batteries and electric vehicles.

A peak in global emissions is cause for optimism — but it is far from 【小题9】 the problem. More greenhouse gases will still be【小题10】 in the atmosphere and drive severe warming, until we bring the emissions as close to zero as possible.