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Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods?

As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat stress, longer droughts(干旱), and more intense rainfalls linked to global warming continue to upset our daily weather, we often forget they also impact the quantity, quality, and growing _________ of our food. Many foods have already _________ top spots on the world's "endangered foods" list, indicating their possibility to become _________ within the next 30 years.

To start with what is _________ in many people's lives we are disappointed to find that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and irregular rainfall patterns, which invite disease to _________ the coffee plant and beans. The result? Significant _________ in coffee output.

And coffee's culinary (烹饪的) cousin, cacao (aka chocolate),is also suffering stress from global warming's rising temperatures. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees actually _________ warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with high humidity and sufficient rain. _________, the problem is that the higher temperatures projected for the world's leading chocolate-producing countries are not expected to be _________ by an increase in rainfall. Therefore as higher temperatures take more moisture from soil and plants, it's __________ that rainfall will increase enough to make up for this loss.

Another notably nutritious plant, peanut grows best when it gets five months of continuous warm weather and 20 to 40 inches of rain. Anything __________ and plants won't survive. That isn't good news when most climate models agree that the climate of the future will be one of the __________, including droughts. The world has already caught a glimpse of peanut's future fate when last year a serious drought across the peanut-growing Southeastern U.S led many plants to die. According to a financial report, the __________ spells (时期) caused peanut prices to rise by as much as 40 percent!

Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and undergo warming of their own. The result is the __________ in fish population. Warmer waters also encourage vicious marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans. And that satisfying “crack” you get when eating crab could be __________ as shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, a result of ocean acidification.

【小题1】
A.attitudesB.choicesC.locationsD.resources
【小题2】
A.contributedB.earnedC.featuredD.reflected
【小题3】
A.amazingB.uniqueC.typicalD.scarce
【小题4】
A.necessaryB.luxuriousC.practicalD.original
【小题5】
A.defendB.robC.shockD.infect
【小题6】
A.increasesB.cutsC.changesD.failure
【小题7】
A.surviveB.preferC.admireD.encounter
【小题8】
A.MoreoverB.By contrastC.HoweverD.Therefore
【小题9】
A.accompaniedB.influencedC.blockedD.doubled
【小题10】
A.unlikelyB.irrelevantC.inappropriateD.immeasurable
【小题11】
A.moreB.lessC.warmerD.colder
【小题12】
A.patternsB.depthsC.extremesD.ends
【小题13】
A.rainyB.shinyC.freezingD.dry
【小题14】
A.revolutionB.shrinkC.extinctionD.evolution
【小题15】
A.silencedB.heightenedC.changedD.minimized
20-21高一上·上海杨浦·期中
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Jane Goodall, the well-known scientist, is starting Trees for Jane on Tuesday, joining a global campaign to fight _________ change by planting a trillion trees by 2030.

Goodall made it _________ that planting is just one part of Trees for Jane. “The key is _________ existing forest because those big trees _________ have stored CO2,” she said in a National Geographic interview. _________ to Trees for Jane will support local groups working to stop destroying trees. And those who plant are asked to agree to _________ the trees and monitor them _________ they’re mature.

Of course, tree planting is not a _________ for reducing emissions (排放), said Susan Cook-Patton, senior forest restoration scientist for The Nature Conservancy. “The most important action fossil fuel emissions. _________, even if we rapidly reduce emissions, we’re still going to need to __________ carbon from the atmosphere to prevent catastrophic warming. That’s __________ carbon removal approaches like re-growing trees remain important.”

Some tree-planting __________ have come under fire from some scientists as being __________, since many programs don’t plant native species, essentially creating tree farms, not helping forests. And Cook-Patton’s __________ is clear: “Plant the right trees, in the right places, in the right way.” This means planting native trees where they __________ lived.

Goodall said this __________ with the goal of Trees for Jane. She, noting that Trees for Jane __________ people to plant trees themselves or donate to support global efforts, said her love for __________ dates back to her childhood. Nearly eight decades later, she is __________ tirelessly and selflessly to share the __________ of trees with entire world, for the good of the planet.

【小题1】
A.climateB.policyC.weatherD.culture
【小题2】
A.importantB.cautiousC.clearD.necessary
【小题3】
A.ruiningB.protectingC.movingD.developing
【小题4】
A.evenB.mostlyC.alreadyD.just
【小题5】
A.IntroductionsB.ChangesC.AdjustmentsD.Donations
【小题6】
A.care forB.speak forC.make forD.stand for
【小题7】
A.becauseB.untilC.whileD.once
【小题8】
A.choiceB.scheduleC.chanceD.substitute
【小题9】
A.ThusB.BesidesC.HoweverD.Somehow
【小题10】
A.regainB.removeC.makeD.save
【小题11】
A.whyB.howC.whenD.where
【小题12】
A.profitsB.difficultiesC.effortsD.tools
【小题13】
A.artificialB.ineffectiveC.fruitfulD.meaningful
【小题14】
A.messageB.orderC.newsD.lesson
【小题15】
A.rarelyB.finallyC.basicallyD.historically
【小题16】
A.beginsB.agreesC.competesD.conflicts
【小题17】
A.forcesB.appointsC.encouragesD.commands
【小题18】
A.childrenB.animalsC.booksD.trees
【小题19】
A.workingB.complainingC.thinkingD.studying
【小题20】
A.giftB.rootC.nameD.honor

Now scientists believe that global warming affects hibernating animals, causing them to wake up earlier. _______ this may seem a little concern, it is in fact a significant environmental problem. The _______ hibernation period could actually lead to significant declines in the populations of several species.

Some of the first concrete evidence of the _______ came from Colorado, where researchers at the Rocky Mountain Biological lab have been observing marmot (旱獭) hibernation behavior since the 1970s. In the early days of their studies, marmots generally hibernated several weeks into the month of May. Nowadays, _______, temperatures in the area have risen by 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit, and the marmots are waking up about a month _______.

At least the marmots are _______ hibernating. Several other animals have not been hibernating at all recently. Brown bears in the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains did not hibernate last year. In parts of the United States, chipmunks (花鼠) also _______ the hibernation period. The bears seem to have _______ without losing many individuals. The chipmunks, however, were not so _______. Many of the animals died ________ starvation during the winter.

The problem with animals waking up early, or skipping hibernation altogether ________ the creatures' metabolism (新陈代谢). When an animal hibernates, their metabolism drops significantly. The animals' heart rate ________, and they require very little energy to live. When the animals awake from their winter slumber (睡眠), their metabolism returns to ________.

But while their metabolism may be as active as it was before hibernation, food sources aren't as ________ as they were before. A marmot may wake up when temperatures get ________, thinking it's spring, but plants will not have gotten the amount of sun they need to signal their spring period of growth. So until the plants grow, the marmots have no ________ food source.

Many scientists believe the problem will continue to get ________. ________ changes in hibernation patterns, some believe that other animals will also begin to change their migration patterns or begin to give birth earlier. For many biologists, that's a ________ prospect. Terry Root, an animal expert at Stanford University, said: "I do think what we will be facing is the ________ of many species."

【小题1】
A.WhenB.ButC.WhileD.So
【小题2】
A.increasedB.shortenedC.declinedD.spread
【小题3】
A.phenomenonB.atmosphereC.circumstanceD.situation
【小题4】
A.butB.soC.thereforeD.however
【小题5】
A.laterB.earlierC.longerD.before
【小题6】
A.stillB.thusC.neverD.not
【小题7】
A.enteredB.failedC.skippedD.lost
【小题8】
A.diedB.livedC.survivedD.existed
【小题9】
A.delightedB.luckyC.mildD.refreshed
【小题10】
A.fromB.inC.withD.of
【小题11】
A.lie downB.lie withC.get intoD.get along with
【小题12】
A.decreasesB.slowsC.stopsD.falls
【小题13】
A.abnormalB.averageC.ordinaryD.normal
【小题14】
A.availableB.richC.fullD.enough
【小题15】
A.hotterB.betterC.coolerD.warmer
【小题16】
A.steadyB.reliableC.casualD.fixed
【小题17】
A.unfortunateB.harmfulC.disappointedD.worse
【小题18】
A.In addition toB.As a result ofC.Due toD.In spite of
【小题19】
A.desperateB.hopefulC.scaryD.eager
【小题20】
A.survivalB.tendencyC.existenceD.extinction

As our Earth’s temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our world’s forests. When temperatures rise, trees close their skins to ___________ the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the ___________ of photosynthesis(光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a ___________ death rate.

Climate change also increases the ___________ of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to ___________ , and in some cases, the forests are ___________ permanently. Trees that are stressed are also ___________ to attacks by bacteria(细菌). In tropical forests, vines that use the trees as ___________ can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have ___________ the forest landscape through logging. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the ____________ trees that were cut down.

As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, ____________ the variety of those systems. ____________ , some endangered species are unable to ____________ and die. Old-growth forests are disappearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller ____________ poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations ____________ out on the wonders of forests?

【小题1】
A.protectB.preventC.saveD.free
【小题2】
A.movementB.situationC.processD.operation
【小题3】
A.higherB.firmerC.lighterD.smaller
【小题4】
A.choiceB.measureC.qualificationD.chance
【小题5】
A.growB.rescueC.recoverD.decline
【小题6】
A.ignoredB.lostC.hurtD.left
【小题7】
A.accessibleB.enjoyableC.acceptableD.favorable
【小题8】
A.attentionB.commandC.trustD.support
【小题9】
A.frightenedB.paidC.ruinedD.wasted
【小题10】
A.commonB.originalC.distantD.strong
【小题11】
A.affectingB.improvingC.forgettingD.reflecting
【小题12】
A.BesidesB.SurprisinglyC.OtherwiseD.Unfortunately
【小题13】
A.devoteB.keepC.adaptD.lead
【小题14】
A.due toB.in addition toC.instead ofD.in spite of
【小题15】
A.passB.missC.breakD.bring

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